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Section II Contemporary Law Enforcement. Chapter 4 Contemporary Policing: An Overview. Why We Have Police. Police can demand conformity to society’s laws and expectations. Police are necessary when coercion is required to enforce the laws. Policing and the People.
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Section IIContemporary Law Enforcement Chapter 4 Contemporary Policing: An Overview
Why We Have Police Police can demand conformity to society’s laws and expectations. Police are necessary when coercion is required to enforce the laws.
Policing and the People • Police authority comes from the people—their laws and institutions. • Police are part of the • Local community • State and federal government • State and federal criminal justice system • The people largely determine the goals of policing.
Basic Goals of Policing • Enforce laws. • Preserve the peace. • Prevent crimes. • Protect civil rights and civil liberties. • Provide services.
Organization of the Department • Varies greatly • Influenced by • Department’s size and location • Extent and type of crime with which it must deal
Span of Control Increased span of control Narrow span of control Change taking place in the work environment Dispersed workforce, either temporally or geographically New and inexperienced workforce Fluctuating administrative requirements Diminished extent of coordination Change in employees’ expectations • Efficient use of information technology • Higher quality in skills and capabilities of subordinates • Enhanced skills and capabilities of the supervisor • Improved quality of the department’s training program • Increased harmony of the workforce
Law Enforcement Obligations • Internal obligations • Organizing • Staffing • Directing • Controlling • External Obligations • Concerned with the organization’s “environment” • Dealing with outside forces that affect the agency
Administrative Services • Communications • Roll Call • Radio and phone • Computers • Interoperability • Dispatchers • 911 systems • Records • Administrative records • Arrest records • Identification records • Evidence records • Complaint records
Field Services Patrol Traffic Investigation Community service/relations Specialized officers
The Police Organizational Culture Work nights and weekends Deal with highly confidential material that can’t be shared Must enforce the law impartially Frequently face public hostility, abuse and bias Are willing and ready to risk their lives for each other
Basic Styles of Policing Enforcer Crime fighter/zealot Social service agent Watchdog
Stereotypes about Police Suspicious Cynical Indifferent Authoritarian Bigoted Brutal
The Police Image • Can be seen as protectors or as harassers • Based on the media’s portrayal • Based on everyday contact with community • Factors influencing police image: • Nature of police work • Unique relationship to the system
Satisfaction with Police • Satisfaction was found to be shaped by • Demographic variables • Neighborhood crime conditions • Experiences with police, whether first hand or indirect • Race was not found to directly determine satisfaction level. • Males and females were equally confident in police. • Confidence increased with • Age • Education • Income
Study Time • Social Service function percent for officers • Know police organization,two basic units and what they do • Know overall purpose of police services according to the National Advisory on Criminal Justice Standard and Goals • What percentages are usually assigned to different functions or operations in a police department • Know the 10th amendment • Know the Typologies of Officers • Know E911 technology