Section II Contemporary Law Enforcement

1. Section IIContemporary Law Enforcement Chapter 6 Specialized Roles of Police

2. Specialized Functions of Police Investigators Profilers Psychics Intelligence officers Juvenile officers Vice officers SWAT officers K-9 assisted officers Reserve officers

3. Advantages of Specialization Attention is narrowly focused. Officers develop expertise. Efficiency is improved. Officers become very effective in accomplishing their mission. It is simple to measure effectiveness

4. Disadvantages of Specialization Less flexibility Tendency to miss the big picture Failure to coordinate with other units The need for supervision

5. Investigation/The Detective Unit • Forensic science • Criminalistics • Criminal investigation: “union of art and science” • The investigator • Primary characteristic of effective investigators = objectivity • Seeks the truth

6. Preliminary Investigation Observe people, vehicles, potential evidence and environmental conditions at crime scene Ensure safety of officer and others who are present Control dangerous situations or people Ensure medical attention is provided to injured people Minimize contamination of the scene

7. Investigative Responsibilities Securing crime scenes Recording all facts related to cases Recording, measuring and sketching crime scenes Obtaining and identifying evidence Protecting and storing evidence Processing evidence Interviewing victims, witnesses and possible suspects Interrogating likely suspects Assisting in identifying suspects Identifying missing persons and human remains

8. Questions for the Investigator Who? What? Where? When? How? Why?

9. Identifying Suspects Field identification Photographic identification Lineup identification Modus operandi

10. Profiling Can involve physical characteristics Delves into personalities, psyches and pathologies Uses pattern recognition through systematically collecting, organizing and analyzing information gathered through observation or measurement Draws conclusions in assessing criminal suspicion Shares data with others

11. Intelligence Officers Undercover agents Internal affairs

12. Juvenile Officers • All officers are juvenile officers much of the time. • They have broad discretion and may • Release juveniles to their parents • Refer them to other agencies • Place them in detention • Refer them to a juvenile court

13. Vice Officers’ Concentrations Illegal gambling Prostitution Pornography Narcotics Liquor violations

14. SWAT Officers • Immediately available • Flexible and mobile • Deployed against critical incidents • Contain and mobilize dangerous situations • Highly trained in • Marksmanship • Guerrilla tactics • Night operations • Camouflage and concealment • Use of chemical agents

15. K-9 Units Detect concealed suspects, drugs, weapons and explosives Find evidence discarded by fleeing suspects Control crowds and break up fights Recover lost articles Locate distressed people and dead bodies Help apprehend suspects May be specially trained

16. Reserve Officers • Also called auxiliary police • Patrol in uniform as visible symbols of law enforcement • Provide • Additional personnel in times of need • Convert a one-officer car into a two-officer unit • Perform tasks not requiring advanced technical skills • Help in education programs

17. Other Specialized Police Senior service officers Family liaison officers The Mint Police Community service officers Transit police Airport police Campus police

18. Study????? What does ballistics deal with? Know about photographic identification. Know percentages relating to proper identification of citizens during police questioning. What is forensic science? Where and when was the first police k9 unit? Miranda? Know the percentages and difference regarding discovery and involvement crimes.