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Nucleotides: the subunits of DNA. The four DNA bases. G. C. A. T. DNA strand: polymer of nucleotides. DNA Double Helix. Examples of proteins. EcoRI – restriction enzyme. Hemoglobin: carrier of oxygen. Mutant -globin Sickle blood cells. Fiber of sickle hemoglobin.
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The four DNA bases G C A T
Mutant -globin Sickle blood cells Fiber of sickle hemoglobin Sickle and normal blood cells
Nucleotides vs. Amino Acids Nucleotide Amino Acid Both made up of “backbone” and “residue” parts
The inaccessible code DNA is in the nucleus Proteins are (mostly) made in the cytoplasm
Decoding a codon: UGG Only one way to code for tryptophan
Decoding codons: AGC & AGU Both code for serine!
Stop codons Don’t code for an amino acid They terminate translation
The Central Dogma replication DNA transcription RNA translation Protein