Government secondary school Gwarinpa

1. Government secondary school Gwarinpa OUR HERITAGE

2. GOODPEOPLE GREAT NATION

3. History Students

4. TIMELINE The Culture People and History of Nigeria Amalgamation 1914 Independence 1960 Bishop 'Samuel (Ajayi) C. (1807- 1891) Queen Amina IK Dairo Emancipation of slaves 1830 Portuguese navigators reach Nigerian coast 1472 Islamic empire Yoruba kingdoms of Ifẹ 700-900 slave trafficking NIGERSAT 1 2007 700 1400 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 AD

5. Slave Trade Era • In the 1600s Europeans established ports for slave trafficking. Millions of Nigerians are forcibly sent to the Americas to work in Sugar Plantations against their wish and will. • European slave traders establish coastal ports for the increasing traffic in slaves destined for the Americas • The slaves were emancipated in the 1830. Time Line

6. YORUBA KINGDOMS • Arabian and Persians trade with ivory, rhino horn, gold, shells and slaves. Arab traders settle and bring a Muslim influence to the culture The Yoruba kingdoms of Ifẹ were founded about 700-900 • The Yoruba kingdoms of Ọyọ were founded about 1400. • It is often written that the Yoruba people of Southwest Nigeria are one of the most interesting and important peoples of Africa and that no African group has had greater influence on New World culture. Time Line

7. USMAN DAN FODIO Usman Dan Fodio was born in 1754, he read law and theology. He carried out Jihad (Holy War) in 1804 which lead to the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate. Time Line

8. Queen Amina of Zaria Amina was 16 years old when her mother became queen and she was given the traditional title of magajiya. In the sixteenth century, Queen Bakwa Turunku built the capital of Zazzau at Zaria, named after her younger daughter. Eventually, the entire state of Zazzau was renamed Zaria, which is now a province in present-day Nigeria. Amina is credited as the architect who created the strong earthen walls around the city, which was the prototype for the fortifications used in all Hausa states. She built many of these fortifications, which became known as ganuwar Amina or Amina's walls, around various conquered cities. The objectives of her conquests were twofold: extension of Zazzau beyond its primary borders and reducing the conquered cities to vassal status. Sultan Muhammad Bello of Sokoto stated that, "She made war upon these countries and overcame them entirely so that the people of Katsina paid tribute to her and the men of Kano [and]... also made war on cities of Bauchi till her kingdom reached to the sea in the south and the west." Likewise, she led her armies as far as Nupe and, according to the Kano Chronicle, "The Sarkin Nupe sent her [the princess] 40 eunuchs and 10,000 kola nuts. She was the first in Hausa land to own eunuchs and kola nuts." "Amina daughter of Nikatau, a woman as capable as a man." Time Line

9. Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther Bishop 'Samuel Adjai (Ajayi) Crowther' (Born 1807- December 31 1891) was a linguist and the first African Anglican bishop in Nigeria. Born in Osogun, Yoruba land (in today's Iseyin Local Government,Oyo State, Nigeria), Rev. Dr. Samuel Ajayi Crowther was a member of the Yoruba ethnic group but was also a Sierra Leone Liberated African.Ajayi was captured by Fulani slave raiders in 1821 and sold to Portuguese Slave traders. Time Line

10. I.K. DAIRO IK Dairo was a great Musician. During the 1950s, recording technology grew more advanced, and the gangan , talking drum, electronic guitar and accordion were incorporated into jùjú. Much of this innovation was the work of IK Dairo IK Dairo and the Morning Star Orchestra (later IK Dairo & the Blue Spots), which formed in 1957. brought jùjú from the rural poor to the urban cities of Nigeria and beyond. Dairo became perhaps the biggest star of African music by the '60s, recording numerous hit songs that spread his fame to as far away as Japan. In 1963, he became the only African musician ever honored by receiving membership of the Order of the British Empire, an Order of Chivalry in the United Kingdom. Time Line

11. ORIGIN OF THE NAME “AFRICA” The Greeks referred to Africa as ‘Ethiopia’, meaning the land of the ‘burnt-face’ people. Hence all dark-skinned people were called ‘Ethiopians’.The Romans organised their conquered territories around the Mediterranean Sea (N. Africa in today’s terms) into a province, which they called ‘Africa’. This comes from the word ‘afri’ which means “a group of people of whom little is known”. NIGERIA

12. HISTORICAL EVENTS IN NIGERIA Amalgamation of north and southern protectorate of Nigeria, Which took place on1st January 1914 by Fredrick lord lugard. This event led to the naming of the country Nigeria. By his wife Flora Shaw Lugard. Democracy day on 29th may 1999. This day was a memorable day in the life of Nigerians because it was the day when military government finally handed over power to the civilian government making General Olusegun Obasanjo the second democratic president of Nigeria after Alhaji Shehu Shagari. Time Line

13. NIGERIA • Nigerian National Anthem was written by Gen. Ben Odaise in the year 1946. • Independence Day took place on the 1st of October 1960. making Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe the first ceremonial president of Nigeria. • Nigeria launched her first satellite on the 10th of June 2007 and its second satellite on the 10th of April 2009 Time Line

14. Nigerian Faces & Fashion IBO: Most Ibo people live in South Eastern Nigeria, they are one of the three main ethnic groups. The speak the Igbo language. The attire shown below is called Efendiichie and its worn by title holders in IGBO land. YORUBA: They are one of the three main ethnic groups in Nigeria, located in the western part of the country. They speak the Yoruba language and it is greatly believed that they descended from Oduduwa many centuries ago.

15. Nigerian Faces & Fashion Hausa: They Occupy the northern part of the country, they speak the Hausa language. They are mostly farmers and cattle rearers. Below is a typical Hausa attire Edo: With a long traditional History, of the Benin Empire, they are part of the minority group in Nigeria. Located in the south west of the country the y speak so many languages prominent among these are Benin, and Esan. They are ruled by the Oba.

16. THE NIGERIAN FLAG Before Nigeria became an independent nation on 1st October 1960, she officially used the British flag know as the Union Jack from 1914. Nigerian flag was designed with two colors i.e. . green and white The green color represents the agriculture of Nigeria.; and the white color represents peace and unity. Nigeria, Good People Great Nation • The Nigerian national flag was designed by a Nigerian, Mr. Taiwo Akinkummi, in 1959. the nigerian flag was hoisted for the frist use at midnight 30th September 1960, shortly before Nigeria had her independence on 1st Oct 1960. By Kelvin Ndukwe SS 3 Proudly African

17. Group work Questions Tomorrow Write a letter to a student of History who will be in your present class 20 years from now. Tell the receiver what you dream about your Nigeria of tomorrow, i.e 20 years from now. • Who designed the Nigerian Flag? • What is the name of the flag in use before independence in Nigeria? • What does the colors of the Nigerian flag represents? • What is the name of the attire worn by title holders in IGBO land? • The first democracy day in Nigeria was in what year? Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer