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The Great War

The Great War. ( World War I ). 1914 - 1918. Causes of the War in Europe. 1. Imperialism Militarism Nationalism Alliances. imperialism. 2. Competition for territory to colonize Mostly in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. militarism. 3.

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War ( World War I ) 1914 - 1918

  2. Causes of the War in Europe 1 • Imperialism • Militarism • Nationalism • Alliances

  3. imperialism 2 • Competition for territory to colonize • Mostly in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific

  4. militarism 3 • Aggressively building up a nation’s armed forces in preparation for war

  5. nationalism 4 • Countries act in their own best interest as a matter of pride • The desire of ethnic minorities to create an independent homeland

  6. nationalism • Germany had conquered Alsace-Lorraine in 1871 • France wanted it back

  7. Too bad. She’s ours now. Too bad! She’s ours now. We had her first and we want her back.

  8. nationalism • Bosnia and Serbia were inhabited by Slavic people • Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia in 1908 • Serbia had wanted to join with Bosnia to create a Serbian kingdom

  9. Austria-Hungary Serbia

  10. Serbia Bosnia

  11. alliances 5 • The great powers had promised to come to each other’s aid if attacked

  12. alliances • Germany + Austria-Hungary • Russia + France • France + Great Britain

  13. European Alliances Just Before the Great War

  14. Franz Josef, Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

  15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Josef von Habsburg Lothringen Nephew to Franz Josef, Heir to the Austrian Throne

  16. How the Great War Begins 6 • June 28, 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the Archduchess Sophia make an official visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia • Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist shoots them both with a pistol in protest over Austria’s annexation of Bosnia

  17. Serbia Bosnia Sarajevo

  18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduchess Sophia

  19. June 28, 1914 Leaving for Sarajevo

  20. The Archduke’s Car is Attacked

  21. Gavrilo Princip Shoots the Archduke and Archduchess

  22. Gavrilo Princip Member of a secret Serbian Nationalist society called the Black Hand

  23. Princip is Arrested

  24. The Chain Reaction 7 • July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 29 – Russia (Serbia’s protector) mobilizes its troops • July 30 – France (Russia’s ally) mobilizes its troops • August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia, but plans to attack France first

  25. The Chain Reaction 7 • August 3 - Germany invades Belgium on the way to attack France • August 4 - Great Britain (Belgium’s ally) joins the war against Germany • August 4 – U.S. declares neutrality

  26. June 28 – August 4, 1914 3 7 5 8 6 2 4 1

  27. And so . . . “the war to end all wars” begins.

  28. Central Powers 8 • Germany • Austria-Hungary

  29. Franz Josef Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

  30. Kaiser Wilhelm II Emperor of the German Empire (grandson of Queen Victoria)

  31. Allied Powers 9 • Great Britain • Russia • France • Serbia

  32. Queen Victoria of England 1837 - 1901 Grandmother of Kaiser Wilhelm II George V Tsarina Alexandra

  33. King George V of England 1910 - 1936 Grandson of Queen Victoria Cousin of Kaiser Wilhelm II & Czarina Alexandria

  34. King George V in full royal regalia

  35. Tsar Nicholas II Emperor of Russia

  36. Tsarina Alexandra of Russia Granddaughter of Queen Victoria Cousin of George V & Kaiser Wilhelm II

  37. The Tsar & Tsarina

  38. Tsar Nicholas & Family

  39. Modern Weapons of Warfare 10 • Machine guns • Rapid fire artillery • Hand grenades • Submarines • Dirigibles (Zeppelins) • Airplanes • Poison gas

  40. Machine Guns

  41. Lewis Air-Cooled Machine Gun

  42. French Machine Gunners

  43. American Machine Gunners in France

  44. Belgium

  45. Dog Teams Used to Pull Machine Gun Carts in Belgium

  46. Belgian Machine Gun Movement

  47. More Belgians

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