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Colonies in America

Colonies in America. Pages 7. Religious Reasons for coming to the New World. King Henry VIII began the Anglican Church (Protestant)—he and England were Catholic, but when the Pope wouldn’t grant Henry an annulment or a divorce he broke away from the church and made England come too

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Colonies in America

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  1. Colonies in America Pages 7

  2. Religious Reasons for coming to the New World • King Henry VIII began the Anglican Church (Protestant)—he and England were Catholic, but when the Pope wouldn’t grant Henry an annulment or a divorce he broke away from the church and made England come too • He changed the official religion in England to Protestant and people had no say in the matter

  3. Puritans Wanted to purify the Church of England Too tied to King and was corrupt Pushed for individual and congregational control More could read and wanted to be responsible for own destiny Pilgrims aka Separatists wanted to be responsible for practicing their own religion Wanted new start in new world 2 Groups emerge

  4. Plymouth Mass. • 1620 • Pilgrims • 1st direct democracy—all men signed Mayflower Compact • Colony struggled but got help from Indians who taught them how to grow crops • 1621 1st Thanksgiving—feast w/ 90 men, and several Indians—lasted 3 days • Squanto=Indian friend to pilgrims • William Bradford—governor of Plymouth and Pilgrim leader (no separation of church and state—governor was spiritual leader) • “Of Plymouth Plantation”—Bradford’s memoirs

  5. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Settled by Puritans who were discouraged w/ Anglican Church reform • John Winthrop was 1st governor • Boston was the capital • City on a Hill—Winthrop gave speech that called for colonists to be an example/model to the world • Connection btw church and state—governor was preacher—officials saw themselves as “God’s elect” and they were responsible to do God’s will • Strict adherence to Puritan rules—no drunkenness, no swearing, and no idleness (still, not working)—”Idle hands are the devil’s playground”

  6. Puritan Dissent • Roger Williams—called for separation of church and state • Caused so much trouble he was exiled • Fled and founded Rhode Island—peacefully purchased from Indians • Anne Hutchinson—believed in individual worship and was likewise banished in a famous trial—fled to Rhode Island

  7. Pequot War 1637 Pequot vs. colonist and Narragansett (Pequot enemy who sided w/ colonists) Indian massacre—500/600 dead Shot and killed women and children King Philips War Dispute over colonial rules concerning land No hunting on Sunday—colonial observation based on religion Native Americans didn’t observe same rules Resulted in rebellion and deaths on both sides Indians used hit-and-run tactics 1675 disease, food shortage, and deaths led to Indian surrender Indian Resistance

  8. New Netherlands • Henry Hudson, Englishman, sailing for Dutch • Explored Hudson River andf Hudson Bay areas • Dutch founded New Amsterdam • Many immigrants form different countries • Religious freedom encouraged • England took colony in 1664—become NY • Divided region and part of area became NJ

  9. Rhode Island • Founded by Roger Williams • Acquired land from Indians peacefully • Colony based on religious freedom and separation of church and state

  10. Connecticut • Founded by Thomas Hooker • Also wanted more religious freedom than allowed in Massachusetts • Against rule that citizens had to be church members • “Fundamental Orders”—est. 1st constitution in the nation

  11. Pennsylvania • Founded by William Penn • Penn was a Quaker—planned for colony based on ideas of equality, cooperation, and religious toleration • Colony was Penn’s “holy experiment” • Quakers worshipped w/out ministers and were pacifists • Capital=Philadelphia—”city of brotherly love” • Fair treatment to all even Indians • Thriving and successful colony

  12. Maryland • Charter secured by George Calvert—1st Lord Baltimore • Safe haven for Catholics until became outnumbered by Protestants • Passed Toleration Act=guaranteed religious toleration w/in colony

  13. South Carolina Charles Town becomes major port in south Large slave pop. due to plantation economy North Carolina Est. as refuge for poor and dissenters Remained thinly populated until mid-1700’s Carolinas—Royal colony named after King Charles

  14. Georgia • James Oglethorpe got charter in 1732 • Haven for debtors/ petty thieves • Also a buffer zone btw Carolinas and Spanish Florida

  15. New Hampshire • Founded by Puritans • Became royal colony

  16. Maine (not a colony—becomes state later—part of Mass) • Part of Mass until 1820 • Part of New England along w/ Mass. RI, Conn. and NH

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