STRESS

1. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - STRESS

2. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - 가축의 스트레스 원인: • 외부의 물리적, 환경학적 요인들은 가축의 체내 형평성에 영향을 줍니다 • 스트레스를 받은 가축은 스스로 체내 형평성을 유지하기 위하여 스트레스 요인 만큼의 보상 에너지를 요구합니다. =>보충되는 에너지는 가축의 생산성에 사용되는 것이 아니라 오직 스트레스로 인한 가축의 에너지 손실을 충족시킵니다.

3. Cold stress Heat stress Body temperature Heat production Death due to heat Death due to cold Hypo-thermia Hyper-thermia Air temperature Zone of Homeothermia Zone of thermoneutrality The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Critical temperatures and zones: Source: Bianca, 1971 Inside the “Zone of Thermoneutrality”, air temperature does not influence animal productivity. From “Zone of Thermoneutrality” to end of Homeothermia, energy is required to keep body temperature constant.

4. Zone of thermoneutrality Homeothermia Air temperature [°C] The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Source: Bianca, 1969

5. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Effect on performances: dairy cow

6. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Effect on performances: dairy cow Source: Bioklimatologie der Nutztiere, P. Kunz 1998, ETHZ Source: Kleiber, 1967

7. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Effect on performances: swine Source: Bioklimatologie der Nutztiere, P. Kunz 1998, ETHZ Growing pig: From above 21°C : - 30 to 50 g growth per day per additional °C. Lactating sow: From above ~18°C, - 50 g feed intake per day per additional °C.

8. The application of palatants - nutritional aspects - Example: Stress due to temperature Effect on performances: swine 12°C 25°C Source: Bioklimatologie der Nutztiere, P. Kunz 1998, ETHZ

9. Application

10. Application Dairy cow Lactation (from 2nd lact.,  7000 kg) : Feed intake as main limiting production factor. End of lactation ( 305 days) Calving APPLICATION Flavouring palatants : COVOTEK - RANGE (flavour + taste characteristic) To secure a regular consumption pattern of feed, due to their actions as taste enhancers. Taste modifiers : SUCRAM - RANGE (taste characteristic) To encourage high feed intake due to their unique lasting sweet tasting properties. Recommended products : SUCRAM C-150; SUCRAM 250N for the E.U. and CH. Aromatic palatants : PAN - RANGE (flavour characteristic) To enhance aromatic profile of feed for the benefit of both animal and farmer. Additional specific use: Application in salt /mineral blocks to lower bitterness / metallic effects and improve intake. Application in compound feed to improve visits to the milking robot unit. Application in stress conditions (heat) to improve intake. Technical bulletin: 121 Version 08 ’02

11. Application Growing cattle Veal calf 1440g WG; Beef  1300g WG Birth Slaughter Finishing Slaughter APPLICATION Flavouring palatants : COVOTEK - AND CMO-TEK - RANGE (flavour + taste characteristic) To secure a regular consumption pattern of feed, due to their actions as taste enhancers. Taste modifiers : SUCRAM - RANGE (taste characteristic) To encourage high feed intake due to their unique lasting sweet tasting properties. Recommended products : SUCRAM C-150; SUCRAM 250N for the E.U. and CH. Aromatic palatants : PAN - RANGE (flavour characteristic) To enhance aromatic profile of feed for the benefit of both animal and farmer. Additional specific use : Application in stress conditions (heat) to improve feed intake. Application in diets containing high level of minerals (growth promotion) to exclude metallic aftertaste. Application into milkreplacer or lower quality / milk by-products. Application in diets for newly received cattle under stress. Application in salt / mineral blocks to lower bitterness / metallic effects and improve intake. Technical bulletin:121 Version 08 ’02

12. Application Growing pig : Feed intake as main limiting production factor. Weaning Slaughter APPLICATION Flavouring palatants : PIGORTEK - RANGE (flavour + taste characteristic) To secure a regular consumption pattern of feed, due to their actions as taste enhancers. Taste modifiers : SUCRAM - RANGE (taste characteristic) To encourage high feed intake due to their unique lasting sweet tasting properties. Recommended products : SUCRAM C-150; SUCRAM 250N for the E.U. and CH from age of 16 weeks. Aromatic palatants : PAN - RANGE (flavour characteristic) To enhance aromatic profile of feed for the benefit of both animal and farmer. Additional specific use : Application in stress conditions (heat) to improve feed intake. Application in diets containing high level of minerals (growth promotion) to exclude metallic aftertaste. Application for improving group weight homogeneity of piglets. Application to maximize feed intake and growth before and after weaning. Technical bulletin: 101, 102,104, 105, 106 , 107, 115, 117, 118, 119 Version 08 ’02

13. Application Sow Reproduction cycle (litter size: 12) : Feed intake as main limiting production factor. Insemination Farrowing Weaning Insemination APPLICATION Flavouring palatants : PIGORTEK - RANGE (flavour + taste characteristic) To secure a regular consumption pattern of feed, due to their actions as taste enhancers. Taste modifiers : SUCRAM - RANGE (taste characteristic) To encourage high feed intake due to their unique lasting sweet tasting properties. Recommended products : SUCRAM C-150; SUCRAM 250N for the E.U. and CH. Aromatic palatants : PAN - RANGE (flavour characteristic) To enhance aromatic profile of feed for the benefit of both animal and farmer. Additional specific use: Application in high performing sows with exceptional litter size. Application in stress conditions (heat) to improve intake and milk yield for healthier and stronger piglets. Version 08 ’02