Pastoralist and Development

1. Pastoralist and Development Eritrean Map

2. Background and Context Analysis, • 1/3 of the Eritrea populations are estimated to be pastoralists. • The Eastern and Western arid and semi arid Lowlands are highly dominated by pastoralists. • Pastoralists adapted itself to the fragile and drought prone ecosystems. • The Italian and British colonies did none either on serving or on ruling the pastoralists and their lands. • During the Eritrean struggle for independence (1961-1991) the pastoralist were highly affected by war detergence. • The Recent Ethio-Eritrean border war cause:- • more pastoralist displacement, • makes cross boards herding impossible, • left over 1,000,000 mines in grazing lands • Created flow of deportees to fertile lands.

3. Pastoralists in Action

4. Pastoralists in Action

5. Pastoralists in Action

6. Pastoralists in Action

7. Pastoralists in Action

8. The Development and rehabilitation programs, • Eritrea on rehabilitation and development process • The development programs focus on education, health, infrastructure and food security • Rehabilitation was mainly on Communities Developments as:- • Armydemobilizations, • Returnee'sresettlement, • Pastoralists, resettlement to fixed villages • Developments agencies defused resources on the programs. • These enable the government to expand programs. • As a result the education services growth by 215% and the health services grow in almost similar rate. • Mechanization introduced in the farming system • Demobilization and resettlement process accelerated.

9. Development and Rehabilitation

10. Development and Rehabilitation

11. Development and Rehabilitation

12. Development and Rehabilitation

13. Development and Rehabilitation approaches The development approaches. • Supporting ( E.g. food aid,). • Guiding ( pre-request for support. E.g. Re-structural adjustment) • Ruling/ Ordering (E.g. pastoralist resettlements). • Following (supporting on going activities.) • Enabling ( responding to community needs) • Stimuli (provoking community to act positively as a result of consciousness raising

14. Participation, Participation categories, • Physical participation (attending meetings, listing to orders) • Beneficiary participation ( Eg, food aid, food for work,) • Technical participation ( gaining skills, Eg. Vocational training, • Behavioral participation is a meaning full participation by heart,head and feet's. This could be attained by :- • Provoking the community/ individual to stimuli/respond • Integrate in the community cultural practices believes and altitudes. • Teaching real skills as vocational skills, information technology. • Attracting the community to adapt your skill

15. Impact of the programs and reaction Farming expansions and Resettlement created a huge computation on resources sharing. These cause loose of:- • Grazing land, • Forest trees, • Pasture • Water • Wield life • Herding skills

16. Reflection • The palm tree lives serve people and livestock. However the orange fruits are only for rich people… ( Mussa Ali )

17. Reflection • Trees are against development. We are spending huge money on clearing land Co,farmers group)

18. Reflection • Farmers need the land for three months only but we need it for ever.“

19. Reflection • “we are loosing the most useful animal food and land protection due to land clearing.”

20. Reflection • Cutting trees and bush will lead us to poverty.“

21. Reflection • We loose our source of income and shades in addition to livestock production.

22. Reflection • Development could only happen if people come together and settle for getting smooth services.

23. The challenge • How should states address the challenges of resource sharing ?

24. Development stories • Organizations for developments

25. Differences and similarity

26. Differences and similarity

27. Differences and similarity • e

28. What would be the future of pastoralist? • Should they change? Adopt? Or reject Development programs?

29. Could Development programs adjusted to Pastoralists life? • Capacity building without the existing traditional institutions foundation is like directionless swimming.

30. Do pastoralists own foundation for development? • Building approaches based on the traditional practies & production system could ensure adaptability, duplication and sustainability. Eg the Tigre Reb'at.

31. Integrating pastoral life and Development • Behavioral participation could only be created by internal reflection/ filling, belong ness and relating things to real life. And these should come to pastoralist from their own practices.

32. Development is open to all. • We could have verities of development possibilities in different cultural context. But when we are asked to live our style and adjust to new style, it could be difficult.

33. Please come and enjoy fresh swimming in the read sea. • Thank you for your attention,