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Vagabonds Tramping through Geology : Austin to the Arctic

WINTER 2012. Vagabonds Tramping through Geology : Austin to the Arctic. GEOLOGY & TRAVEL. GEOLOGY & TRAVEL. What’s the linkage??. Proposition: GEOLOGY is the main reason for most travel destinations . Mountain biking/hiking, downhill skiing, breath-taking vistas,

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Vagabonds Tramping through Geology : Austin to the Arctic

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  1. WINTER 2012 Vagabonds Tramping through Geology: Austin to the Arctic

  2. GEOLOGY & TRAVEL

  3. GEOLOGY & TRAVEL What’s the linkage?? Proposition: GEOLOGY is the main reason for most travel destinations • Mountain biking/hiking, downhill skiing, breath-taking vistas, • Ski resorts, river cruises, tour dams • Water skiing on lakes/ponds, • Ocean cruises, island hoping, • Waterfalls, gorges MOUNTAINS VALLEYS GLACIERS, EROSION, VALLEYS TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT, VOLCANOS FAULTING, EROSION

  4. GEOLOGY & TRAVEL What’s the linkage?? Proposition: GEOLOGY is the main reason for most travel destinations • Local soils…local ecology…local plant/ animal life… • different hunting/fishing environments, • different type crops & vineyards, • different grasses grown…different type herds raised…milk/cheese manuf.

  5. CLASS OBJECTIVES • Understand the Geologic Processes that shape our planet • Understand past Geologic Events that formed our continent • Understand the Geology of the Pacific Northwest • Understand the linkages between Geology & Travel in your own travels • Share our passion for Geology & Travel and pass that on to your kids/grandkids/great-grandkids So, let’s get Crack-a-lacking!

  6. EARTH • HOW BIG IS IT? • WHAT IS IT MADE OF? • HOW & WHY DO PLATES MOVE?

  7. HOW BIG IS EARTH? 7,940 mi (24,901 mi in circumference) (in 80 days = 13mph)

  8. Crust (solid) 25 mi Upper Mantle (partially molten) 415 mi Lower Mantle (solid) 1385 mi Outer Core (liquid) 1400 mi Inner Core (solid) 760 mi What is EARTH made of?

  9. National Geographic, Jan 1996

  10. Two Types of Crust Continental Crust: under the continents; From 20 to 50 miles thick continental lithosphere consists mainly of felsic crust and is lighter than the oceanic lithosphere Oceanic Crust: under the oceans; About 5 miles thick Oceanic lithosphere consists mainly of mafic crust and ultramafic mantle (peridotite) and is denser than continental lithosphere

  11. TECTONIC PLATES AND THEIR MOVEMENT VOLCANOES EARTHQUAKES

  12. TYPES OF TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES Convergent (subduction) Divergent (spreading) Transform (slipping)

  13. How do the plates move?

  14. PLATES 2006 Atlas of Plate Reconstructions(750 Ma to Present Day) By L.A. Lawver, I.W.D. Dalziel, and L.M. Gahagan 2007, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics March 8, 2007 See Show

  15. Why do the plates move?

  16. WHY DO PLATES MOVE? • 1 - DRAGGING • Inner Core – Lots of Heat (radioactive decay) 9,700 • Heat migrates thru inner & outer core, lower mantle, to the upper mantle • Heat circulates in the upper mantle, much like boiling water in a pot, and as it circulates, it drags the plates sitting on top it

  17. 3 Likely Circulation Patterns Alternative 2: Whole Mantle Mixes? Alternative 1: 2 Layer Convection? Alternative 3: Occasional Mixing? Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Core

  18. Mantle Heat Convection Model with Plate Subduction Crust Subduction Zone Mantle Heat Circulation Core See video

  19. ANOTHER CAUSE OF MOVEMENT – SPREADING • At certain places on the Earth’s crust, there are cracks that extend all the way down to the upper mantle • Upper mantle material oozes from those cracks, forming new crustal plate material as it cools • This new plate material is pushed out of the way by new upper mantle material oozing out. This pushing motion causes the new material to “spread” Older rocks Older rocks Younger rocks ATLANTIC OCEAN

  20. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE 4 Principle Eon’s of Earth’s Time Earth Formed 4650 mya This is known as PRECAMBRIAN time Only this time period is subdivided into details of Geologic Time

  21. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  22. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  23. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  24. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  25. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  26. GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE

  27. GEOLOGY OVERVIEW – Part 1 WHAT HAVE WE TALKED ABOUT? • Quick overview of earth’s geological makeup • Earth is approximately _____ miles in diameter; and approx what temp in the core ______deg F • There are ___ types of CRUST: the __________ & ________ • The Crust is made up of ___ main plates; the largest is the _______ plate (this plate makes up the “Ring of Fire”) • ____Types of plate boundaries: __________, __________, and • Due to Plate Tectonics, North America was ______ miles below the equator ______ mya 8,000 9,700 Oceanic Continental 2 7 Pacific Divergent Convergent 3 Transform 2,000 600

  28. GEOLOGY OVERVIEW – Part 1 On to Geology & Travel! REMEMBER… GEOLOGY ROCKS

  29. GEOLOGY OVERVIEW – Part 1 All class materials either is or will be on 1) the University’s website and on 2) Don’s Website at: www.donbeaumont.weebly.com ANY QUESTIONS??

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