Standard Precautions

1. Standard Precautions Presented For: Notre Dame High School

2. What is a Germ? • Germs are infectious agents that people can not see with the naked eye that make them sick.

3. Germ Theory • Transmission - is the passing of a germ from an infected person to an uninfected person. http://wildiris3.securesutes,net/cms_prod/files/course/257/infectionchairn.gif

4. Not all germs are created equal • Bacteria Virus • Fungi Protozoa • Parasites

5. Germ Theory • How does transmission happen? • Droplet contact • Direct • physical contact • vector • Indirect physical contact • Airborne • Fecal-oral

6. Transmission • Infections can occur when infectious agents come in contact with broken skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth, or through sexual contact.

7. Transmission • Infectious agents are found in all body fluids.

8. Standard Precautions • Used to prevent skin or mucous membrane contact with all body fluids.

9. Standard Precautions • History • Body substance isolation prior to 1985 • Universal Precautions up to 1996 • Standard Precautions

10. Standard Precautions Assume all body fluids are potentially infectious.

11. The Four Steps of Standard Precautions • 1. Hand washing • 2. Use of Barrier Techniques • 3. Cleaning and sanitizing • 4. Proper disposal techniques Wellington Dufferin Guelph Public Health

12. Standard Precautions • #1 Wash your hands!! Intact skin is your first defense against infection

13. How to wash your hands 1. Use soap and water 2. Wet your hands 3. Apply soap 4. Rub your hands together for at least 20 seconds 5. Rinse your hands for 10 seconds 6. Dry your hands with a towel

14. Do people really wash? Observational hand washing survey (Sept 2000 of 8000 people) 95% say they wash their hands • 67% actually do • 75% of women • 58% of men American Society for Microbiology

15. Standard Precautions • #2 Use a barrier Remember: Intact skin is your first defense against infection!

16. Cover Cuts • If you have cuts or open sores on your skin, cover them with a plastic bandage.

17. Wear Gloves • If there is any risk of coming into contact with blood or other body fluids, wear latex gloves. • Gloves should only be worn once and disposed of in a plastic garbage bag.

18. Cleaning & Sanitizing • The key to prevent infection is to get rid of the germs if they are around.

19. Clean Up • Spills of blood and other body fluids should be cleaned up with a fresh mixture of household bleach (1 part) and water (9 parts).

20. Clean Up • Paper towels should be used and disposed of in a plastic garbage bag. • Remember to wear latex gloves during clean-up.

21. Wash Clothes • Soiled items should be stored in sealed plastic bags. • Wash soiled clothing in hot soapy water and dry in a hot dryer, or have clothes dry-cleaned.

22. Discard Garbage • Use caution when disposing of garbage and other waste that may contain infected materials or used needles. • Discard material soiled with blood or other body fluids in a sealed plastic bag.

23. RISK High Risk Low Risk Negligible Risk No Risk

24. Factors that Affect Risk • The germs involved • The type of exposure • The amount of body fluids (especially blood) involved in the exposure • The amount of germs in the body fluids at the time of exposure.

25. Scenarios • You share the same water bottle as the rest of the players on the volleyball team.

26. Scenarios • You help someone out on the ski hill that fell. They have a bleeding nose. You get them to hold their toque over their nose.

27. Scenarios • The game gets very intense and a fight breaks out and you get bit.

28. Scenarios • You are at a game and some sweaty player bumps into you.

29. Scenarios • One of your team mates threw up at a basketball tournament. You couldn’t find any rubber gloves, but you help clean it up anyway.

30. Scenarios • You use your teammate’s chap stick.