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Poetry Terms

Poetry Terms. English 12. Couplet. Two lines of poetry which rhyme Little Bow Peep Has lost her sheep. Alliteration. The repetition of consonant sounds in a line of poetry Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Assonance. The repetition of vowel sounds in a line of poetry

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Poetry Terms

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  1. Poetry Terms English 12

  2. Couplet • Two lines of poetry which rhyme Little Bow Peep Has lost her sheep

  3. Alliteration • The repetition of consonant sounds in a line of poetry • Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

  4. Assonance • The repetition of vowel sounds in a line of poetry • Like a diamond in sky

  5. Oxymoron • When two words which mean the opposite are put together • Jumbo shrimp • The sound of silence • Loving hate • Blinding sight

  6. Simile • A comparison of two things which uses “like”, “as”, or “than” • She swims like a fish • He’s faster than a speeding bullet • She as sly as a fox

  7. Hyperbole • A huge exaggeration for effect (not meant to deceive) • I’m so hungry I could eat a horse • I must have cried a zillion tears • I have a ton of homework

  8. Personification • When human qualities are given to an inanimate (non-living) object • The sun smiled down on us • The trees danced in the wind

  9. Metaphor • A direct comparison between two things (does not use a comparison word) • Love is a rose. • The garden hose is a snake in the grass.

  10. Onomatopoeia • Sound words • Ouch • Ah choo • Biff, boom, bam • Baaa, moo, cheep cheep

  11. Meter • The beat or rhythm of a line of poetry “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”

  12. Imagery • Using the five senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell) to fully describe something • The aroma of rotten eggs wafting up from the corner of the room where a pair of damp sweat socks lay forgotten, brought the acrid taste of bile into his mother’s mouth.

  13. Analogy • Using something simple to explain something complex • The heart works like a pump

  14. Anachronism • A person, place or object out of its natural order in time • An automobile in a story about ancient Rome • Shakespeare’s use of dollars in Macbeth, in a time where money did not exist

  15. Antithesis • Sharply opposing ideas place in parallel syntax • More light and light it grows • More dark and dark my woes

  16. Allusion • Making reference to a famous person, place or thing from mythology, the Bible, history, or Shakespeare • He strode across the room, a modern Napoleon • He was the Jordan of the basketball court

  17. Consonance • Differing vowel sounds between repeating consonant sounds • Short shirt • Leave love • The repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words only • East – west • Hid - bed

  18. Connotation • The associations we make with words (as opposed to their literal meanings) • A house • An estate • An abode • A mansion • A shack

  19. Denotation • The dictionary definition of a word • House, mansion, estate, abode, etc: a residence; a place to live

  20. Cacophony • Harsh or jarring sounds

  21. Dissonance Another word for cacophony

  22. Euphony • Pleasant, or pleasing sounds • Silence • smooth

  23. Stanza • A group of lines of poetry (like a paragraph) Whose woods these are I think I know His house is in the village though He will not see me stopping here To watch his wood fill up with snow

  24. Quatrain • A four line stanza

  25. Archetype • A commonly used symbol in literature • A dove or an olive branch represent peace

  26. Octave & Sestet • Octave: • Eight lines of poetry • The first 8 lines of a Petrarchan sonnet • Sestet: • Six lines of poetry • The last six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet

  27. Pathetic Fallacy • When nature reflects the mood • When there is a storm during a battle scene in Macbeth

  28. Paradox • A statement which at first appears contradictory, but which is actually true • Parental punishment is an expression of love

  29. Apostrophe • A type of personification, where an inanimate object or idea is addressed as though present • Death be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, thou art not so.

  30. Conceit • Also called an extended metaphor The fog creeps in on little cat feet Sits looking over harbour and city And then moves on

  31. juxtaposition • Placing words / ideas side by side for effect My name is Ozymandias, King of kings, Look on my works ye Mighty and despair.” And round the decay of that colossal wreck The lone and level sands stretch far away. By placing the bragging words of Ozymandias next to the description of the broken statue in the desert, the poet creates irony

  32. Diction • The choice of words • Ie. Slang, jargon, legalese • Ie. Curley: “By Christ, he’s gonna talk when he’s spoke to. What the hell are you getting’ into it for?”

  33. Literal Language • Language that is straight-forward where meaning is clear. • The man angrily yelled at his son to close the car door.

  34. Figurative Language • Fanciful language used to describe where interpretation is necessary • Analogy, simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, etc. are examples • Ie. The man waspishly asked his son, “Did you grow up in a barn?” as they exited the car.

  35. Iambic Pentameter • A line of poetry which contains five iambic (an unstressed followed by a stressed syllable) feet. • Shall I – compare – thee to – a sum - mer’s day?

  36. Internal rhyme • When a word in the middle of the line rhymes with a word at the end of the line. • Once upon a midnight DREARY, while I pondered weak and WEARY" • "While I nodded, nearly NAPPING, suddenly there came a TAPPING”

  37. Parallelism • When items are listed in parallel structure • Ie. Peter drives quickly and aggressively. • Ie. I love skiing, hiking, and biking.

  38. Pathos • When an author purposely arouses feelings of pity in the reader • Ie. "Hillary Clinton used a moment of brilliantly staged emotion to win the New Hampshire Democratic primary . . .. As she answered questions in a diner on the morning before the election, Mrs. Clinton's voice began to waver and crack when she said: 'It's not easy. . . . This is very personal for me.'

  39. Refrain • A chorus that is repeated throughout the poem • Ie. Rage rage against the dying of the light

  40. Rhyme scheme • A pattern of rhymes with a poem • Ie. A Shakespearean sonnet has an ababcdcdefefgg rhyme scheme

  41. Stream of consciousness • When a poem is a series of thoughts and phrases directly out of the author’s head • Ie. The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock

  42. Tone • The atmosphere of the poem • Ie. Happy, bittersweet, depressed, pensive, etc.

  43. Voice • The persona created by the poet • Ie. The passionate shepherd is a lonely shepherd lad who just wants a girl to love him and come live with him

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