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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. By Ms. Fockler . Geography. North Africa Located around the Nile river Flood plains = year-long agriculture 2 distinct regions: upper and lower Egypt. Video Introduction. egypt video. Significant points in history. The Old Kingdom The New Kingdom.

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Ancient Egypt

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  1. Ancient Egypt By Ms. Fockler Project Sample

  2. Geography • North Africa • Located around the Nile river • Flood plains = year-long agriculture • 2 distinct regions: upper and lower Egypt

  3. Video Introduction • egypt video

  4. Significant points in history • The Old Kingdom • The New Kingdom

  5. The Old Kingdom (3150 – 2150 BCE)* • Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt in 3150 BCE • Becomes the first Pharaoh of a unified Egypt • First capital at Memphis • Lots of innovation in arts and science The Double Crown of Unified Egypt  *see your sample slide content worksheets

  6. The New Kingdom (1550 - 1000 BCE) • Time of a strong empire, powerful pharaohs, and expansion • This could be called Egypt’s “Golden Age”

  7. A closer look:Ramses II (ruled 1279 - 1213 BCE) • Conquered many territories for Egypt • Made the first written peace treaty • Was the most famous and powerful Pharaoh in all of Egyptian history

  8. Government • Had rulers that were like kings, but were considered gods on earth. They were called Pharaohs. • Pharaohs appointed advisors to help run the different branches of the government - called a bureaucracy • Allowed the Pharaoh to keep tight control on his people The anointing of the Pharaoh by Horus and Thoth, gods of the pharaoh and of wisdom

  9. Economy • The Economy was strictly controlled by the government • Temples gathered and distributed grain • Egyptians used a money-barter system, where a certain amount of grain equaled a certain amount of copper or silver. Workers got paid in grain. • Coinage (money) did not evolve until the 5th century BCE

  10. Society • Egyptian society was very divided • Most people were farmers, but the government owned the land AND the farmer’s crops. • Farmers also had to pay taxes and work on the government’s construction projects

  11. Society, cont • Artists and craftsmen had higher status than farmers, but were still controlled by the government • Scribes and officials were members of the upper class • Priests, physicians (doctors), and engineers were also part of the upper classes • The highest class in Egypt was the nobility, or the Pharaoh’s family

  12. Society, cont • Egyptian law viewed everyone, except slaves, as equal under the law • This meant that men and women could own and sell property, marry and divorce, receive inheritance, etc • Ancient Egyptian women had a lot more freedom than women in other ancient societies.

  13. Slavery • We know there was slavery in Egypt, but no one knows exactly how it worked • Maybe you can study it in college and find out for us? 

  14. The Legal System • The Pharaoh was the head of justice in the kingdom – he was responsible for law and order • Egyptians relied on agreements and resolving conflicts instead of abiding by a set of strict laws. • Serious cases, like murder, were referred to the Great Kenbet, or a council that the Pharaoh or his advisors oversaw. • Court scribes wrote down everything that happened in the cases – like ours do today!

  15. Justice • Punishments for breaking a law/causing harm were fines, beatings, facial mutations, or exile. • Punishment for serious crimes, like robbery or murder, was often execution.

  16. Art & Architecture • Egypt is famous for its pyramids • Most famous: the pyramids at Giza • Built between 2300-2200 BCE • Built for Pharaoh Khufu • Housed the remains of the Pharaohs for the afterlife

  17. Pyramid at Giza

  18. Egyptian Religion* • Polytheistic  meaning many gods • Each god looked over a certain part of life or death • Examples: Isis, goddess of magic and wife of Osiris Ra, god of the sun Osiris, god of the dead Anubis, god of embalming *See sample slide worksheet #2

  19. Beliefs about the Afterlife • The body had to be preserved for the soul to return to every evening. This led to… • Mummies! • Internal organs removed • Body embalmed in oils and wrapped in cloth

  20. Afterlife • Once you died, your soul travelled to the hall of Two Truths • Heart vs the Feather of Truth • Weighs more fed to the Eater of the Dead • Weighs less  pass into the afterlife

  21. Contributions – technology • Science and Math • Geometry and Engineering: used in building the pyramids • Great medical practices thanks to their knowledge of the body from mummies • Developed a 365 day calendar

  22. Contributions - Writing • Writing • Hieroglyphics: symbols for certain words and sounds • Written on papyrus scrolls • Used formal and informal writing • Example at right is formal

  23. Writing – the Rosetta Stone • The Rosetta Stone helped scholars decipher the Egyptian language, which no one was able to understand until the mid-1800s • That’s over 2000 years of not knowing what the Egyptians wrote!

  24. Collapse of Egypt • Overrun by different invaders • Finally fully under foreign control by the Persians in the 700 - 600s BCE • Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BCE and started a new dynasty of rulers Alexander the Great

  25. The end! • Questions? • Let’s review your notes

  26. Primary Source Time! • Read a portion of Ramses II’s peace treaty • Consider the following: • Why is this a primary source? • What is the document telling us? • Who is involved? • Why is this important?

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