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Fascist Expansion:

Fascist Expansion:. p. 460. WW II Looms. In the 1930s , Italy, Japan, and Germany began to build economically independent empires . They blamed the Western capitalist democracies, (Britain, France, and the US, for their suffering the Great Depression.

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Fascist Expansion:

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  1. Fascist Expansion: p. 460

  2. WW II Looms • In the 1930s, Italy, Japan, and Germany began to build economically independent empires. • They blamed the Western capitalist democracies, (Britain, France, and the US, for their suffering the Great Depression. • Fascist governments would make sure there would never be another depression for their people. • They would make their people safe and happy by taking the lands, resources, and peoples of their neighbors.

  3. Early Expansion • EC: Japan: (2) • 1931…..Manchuria • 1937…..China

  4. Early Expansion • EC: Italy: • Invades Ethiopia, 1935

  5. Early Expansion • EC: Germany: (2) • Hitler reveals the illegal German military, and continues building it, (2) • France and Britain should attack, Hitler is breaking the Treaty of Versailles. • they do nothing. • Rhineland—Hitler sends troops in, prepared to run if France fights them. (4) • France does nothing. • Hitler’s popularity in Germany increases, • More countries fear Germany and do what it wants. • Hitler is encouraged to take more territory.

  6. Appeasement: • Allowing an aggressor nation to take what it wants, even illegally, in order to avoid war. • There were several reasons Britain and France appeased Hitler.. (6)

  7. Reasons for Appeasement: • French government divided • Britain and France had economic depressions • Perhaps Germany had been punished enough • Some hoped that Hitler would destroy the Soviet Union, • Some hoped that diplomacy (countries talking) would satisfy Hitler…. • Britain and France wanted peace;

  8. Pacifism: • Opposing war. • Britain and France wanted peace, EC: Why? (2) • their empires, and • their consumer lifestyle,

  9. Neutrality Acts: • In mid 1930s, US Congress passes two laws forbidding: • the sale of American items that could help any side in a foreign war. • Americans to travel on ships of warring nations. • President Roosevelt from signing any alliances that might get US into a foreign war.

  10. Axis Powers: • EC: Italy, Germany, and Japan agreed in 1936 to: • Fight Communism • not interfere with each other’s empires • support each other (3) • exchange technology • exchange culture • trade • Called the The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Pact, • strengthened by the Tripartite Pact, 1940.

  11. Republicans (Loyalists) (2) Forced the king to abdicate. They included: (3) Democrats Socialists Communists Made a constitution (4) democratic legislature: Took lands from the Church the ruling class Nationalists (Fascists) (2) opposed the liberal changes General Francisco Franco became their leader. The Spanish Civil War: 1936-1939

  12. Francisco Franco • Led the Fascist (Nationalist) revolt against Spain’s new Loyalist government. • He was soon supported by Hitler and Mussolini. • Both countries were close and could provide technology and “advisors” easily • (Germany’s Luftwaffe (air force) got needed experience in Spain) • The bombing of Guernica was a success for Fascists, a horror to the rest of the world.

  13. The Spanish Civil War • Fascist leader Franco was victorious (3) • and turned Spain into a ruthless, totalitarian state similar to Italy and Germany. • However, he would not join the Axis Powers. • Spain would remain neutral in World War II. • He controlled Spain until his death in 1975.

  14. Hitler continues expansion: • Anschluss: • 1938: Hitler got Austrian Nazis to force Austrian government to agree to an “election”. • Voters approved union with Germany. • Britain and France did nothing.

  15. Hitler continues expansion: • Sudetenland: • September, 1938: western region of Czechoslovakia, full of ethnic Germans. • Hitler demanded the land be given to Germany.

  16. Hitler continues expansion: • A meeting was called. It was held in Munich, Germany….. Who attended? (4) • Germany, Adolf Hitler—promised this was the last of his “territorial demands”. • Britain, Neville Chamberlain • France, Edouard Daladier • Italy, Benito Mussolini • The ____ were not included, but would have to follow the agreement • Czechs • Since Britain and France had “created” Czechoslovakia, they negotiated with Hitler.

  17. Hitler continues expansion: • Neville Chamberlain goes home to London, with Hitler’s signature, and declares….. • “peace for our time”.

  18. Winston Churchill, UK, “The fools, why are they cheering? They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.” Some Britons still felt that Hitler was a great danger ….

  19. EC: What did Churchill mean? (2) • Answer: • Britain and France were cowards to give up the Sudetenland. • Their cowardice has encouraged Hitler to take more and that will cause war.

  20. Hitler and Stalin Shock the World • EC: August, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union sign _____ (2) • Nazi-Soviet Pact (Non-Aggression Pact; Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact): • Germany and the Soviet Union surprise the world by agreeing not to make war on each other.

  21. Nazi-Soviet Pact EC: Hitler’s Reasons (3) EC: Stalin’s Reasons (4) Gain 1/3 of Polish territory. Can invade Finland, w/o worrying about attack by Hitler Gain time to prepare for a possible German invasion in the future. Gain a buffer zone in case Germany invades later. • Invade Poland w/o worrying about an attack by the Soviet Union • Attack Britain and France the next year w/o worrying about an attack by the Soviet Union • A launch point for the future invasion of the Soviet Union.

  22. World War II officially begins. • The week after signing the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Germany and The Soviet Union invade ….. • Poland • September 1, 1939. • ____ and ____declared war on September 3rd. (2) • Britain and France

  23. Early Expansion and International Weakness • Japan and Italy invaded other nations….. • The Western democracies, Britain and France, did nothing • the _________________________voted to condemn Japan’s actions • League of Nations • threaten an economic boycott of Japan. • Japan did not care and quit its membership in it. • Ethiopian king, _________________asks them for help against Italy, • Haile Selassie, • they only voted on sanctions (economic penalties) for Italy. • Mussolini takes Italy out of the League. • Protests from the world community meant nothing…..

  24. Image, p. 461 • How did rearmament affect the rest of Germany? • Helped its economy • Raised morale • Increased Hitler’s popularity

  25. Reasons for Appeasement (copy) • Some hoped that Hitler would destroy the Soviet Union, and end the Communist threat. • Then, the West could deal with a much weakened Nazi Germany.

  26. EC: The Fascist Leaders (4) • Italy • Benito Mussolini • Germany • Adolf Hitler • Japan • Tojo Hideki • Spain • Francisco Franco

  27. Standards Check, p. 462 • Japan • invaded Manchuria, 1931, and eastern China, 1937 • Italy • Invaded Ethiopia, 1935-6 • Germany • Increased build-up of military • Sent troops into Rhineland

  28. Standards Check, p. 462 • Hitler and Mussolini • Sent arms/forces to help Franco’s fascists. • Stalin • Sent arms/forces to help the Republicans • Other countries • Volunteers came to fight Franco’s fascists

  29. EC: German Aggression • March, 1938 • Austria • September 1938 • Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) • March 1939 • Czechoslovakia • September 1939 • Poland

  30. Standards Check, p 464 • Why did Hitler feel justified in taking over Austria and the Sudetenland? • He wanted to bring all German-speaking people into the Third Reich

  31. Hitler continues expansion: • Hitler accuses Jews of plotting the next war….. • Hitler puts the blame for another World War on Jews and promises to destroy them if it happens: • "If the international finance Jewry inside and outside of Europe should succeed in plunging the peoples of the Earth once again into a world war, the result will not be the Bolshevism of Earth, and thus a Jewish victory, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe." • -Adolf Hitler, Speech to Parliament, January, 1939.

  32. EC: Hitler Moves to War • March, 1939: ___ • Hitler breaks the Munich Agreement and invades all of Czechoslovakia. • Britain and France realize appeasement does not work: ___ (2) • They make an alliance with Poland. • Germans live in West Poland

  33. Map skills: p. 464 • 2 The strip of land between East Prussia and the rest of Germany is called the Polish Corridor. Why is this an appropriate name for the region? • A narrow strip of land separating East Prussia from East Germany. • 3 Which countries in 1939 were probably the most likely targets for future acts of German or Italian aggression? Explain. • Most likely Axis invasions • Denmark • The Netherlands • Belgium • France • Poland • Switzerland • Yugoslavia • Because those were the countries that bordered Germany and Italy

  34. Standards check, p. 465 • What convinced Britain and France to end their policy of appeasement? Why? • When Hitler broke his promise and seized Czechoslovakia, they realized he would not stop trying to take over more territory.

  35. Quick Write • The Fascist hated Communist, why would Hitler sign a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union?

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