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Figure 7.1 The Nature of Waves

Delve into the world of waves, electromagnetic radiation, and electron orbitals to understand the properties and behaviors at the atomic level. Explore energy levels, quantum numbers, and the periodic table with interactive visuals.

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Figure 7.1 The Nature of Waves

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  1. Figure 7.1 The Nature of Waves

  2. A Beautiful Rainbow

  3. When a Strontium salt is dissolved in methanol (with a little water) and ignited, it gives a brillant red flame

  4. Fireworks in Washington D.C.

  5. Electromagnetic radiation exhibits wave properties and particulate properties

  6. A change between two discrete energy levels emits a photon of light

  7. NielsBohr

  8. Electronic transitions in the Bohr model for the Hydrogen atom

  9. (a)The probability distribution for the Hydrogen 1s orbital in 3-D space(b)The probability of finding the electron at varying distances from the nucleus

  10. (a) Cross section of the Hydrogen 1s orbital probability distribution (b) The Radial Probability Distribution

  11. Two representations of the Hydrogen 1s, 2s, and 3s orbitals: (a) The Electron probability distribution (b) The surface that contains 90% of the total electron probability (the size of the orbital, by definition)

  12. Representation of the 2p Orbitals: (a) An electron probability distribution (b) Boundary surfaces of all three 2p orbitals

  13. Cross section of the electron probability distribution for a 3p orbital

  14. Comparison of the radial probability distributions of the 2s and 2p orbitals

  15. Representation of the 3d Orbitals (a) Electron Density Plots of Selected 3d Orbitals (b) The Boundary Surfaces of All of the 3d Orbitals

  16. Representation of the 4f orbitals in terms of their boundary surfaces

  17. The angular momentum quantum number (l) and the s, p, d, f notation

  18. Quantum numbers for orbitals 1-4

  19. Orbital energy levels for a Hydrogen atom

  20. A picture of the spinning electron

  21. Energy levels of orbitals for the first 3 principal quantum levels

  22. Electron configurations in the last occupied orbital for elements 1-18

  23. Electron configurations for Potassium through Krypton

  24. The orbitals being filled for elements in various parts of the periodic table

  25. The Periodic Table with partial electron configurations

  26. The End

  27. The values of First Ionization Energy for the elements

  28. Trends in Ionization Energies (kj/mol) for the Representative Elements

  29. Electron affinity values for selected atoms that form stable ions

  30. The Radius of an atom (r) is defined as half the distance between nuclei in a diatomic molecule of identical atoms

  31. Atomic radii (in picometers) for selected atoms

  32. Properties of five alkali metals

  33. First Ionization Energies for alkali metals and noble gases

  34. Ionization Energies (kJ/mole) for elements in period 3

  35. Electron affinities of the halogens

  36. Dmitri I. Mendeleev

  37. Mendeleev's early Periodic Table, published in 1872

  38. Properties of Germaniumpredicted by Mendeleev

  39. Special names for groups in the Periodic Table

  40. Sodium metal

  41. Potassium metal in a vial

  42. Potassium reacts violently with water

  43. Calcium metal

  44. Chromium may be used for plating

  45. Dr. Glenn Seaborg

  46. The End

  47. Wave-Generating Apparatus

  48. Standing waves caused by vibrations of a guitar string

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