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Management of the Reeds of Lake Fertő. Biological and Usage Status of the Reeds.

Management of the Reeds of Lake Fertő. Biological and Usage Status of the Reeds. István MÁRKUS dr. University of West Hungary Phone: +36-70-571-029 E-mail: Markus.Istvan1@chello.hu. Role of reed zone : Conservation of natural heritage Fishhabitat

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Management of the Reeds of Lake Fertő. Biological and Usage Status of the Reeds.

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  1. Management of the Reeds of Lake Fertő.Biological and Usage Status of the Reeds. István MÁRKUS dr. University of West Hungary Phone: +36-70-571-029 E-mail: Markus.Istvan1@chello.hu 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  2. Role of reed zone: • Conservation of natural heritage • Fishhabitat • Habitat for native bird fauna and breathing space for migratory birds • Protection of water quality • Defence against tidal wawe • Natura 2000 special protection area (SPA) • Natura 2000 site of community importants (pSCI) • Reed production and utilization • etc. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  3. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  4. Fertő region Landsat TM scene 18.08.2000 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  5. Natural conditions of Lake Fertő: • The area of the lake amounts to 309 km2. The northern part of the lake (234 km2) belongs to Austria, the southern part (75 km2) to Hungary. • The water balance of the lake is instabil. • The average water-depth ison the Hungarian part 1,04 m, in the reed zone several dm. • The prevailing heavy northern winds rises to undulation of water surface. The undulation rouses slime, indicates stream, moving the mud. This effect reguates the bunking up process. • The Fertő is a saline lake. The salinity of water amounts to 1700 mg/l. • The lake is - in point of wiev of lake typology – in elderly stage. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  6. Perspective illustration of DSM of the mud surface overlapped by the hydrotopographical map (1981) 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  7. Historical change of the lake bed and reed zone: • 1785: In temp of the First Military Survey • 1883: In temp of the Third Military Survey • 1920: Updated military topographic maps • 1961: Gauss-Krüger topographic maps • 1981: Hydrotopographic map of Fertő • Reeds map of Fertő of 1999 Discussion. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  8. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  9. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  10. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  11. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  12. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  13. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  14. Change of the area of the lake and reed zone in period of 1785-1999. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  15. Change of the area of the lake and reed zone in period of 1785-1999. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  16. Reed management, harvesting • a) by hand (to 1954) • b) machine-made harvesting Major harvesting machine types: • RS-09 reaper • Olympia type reaper • Seiga Tortoise 090 reaper • Swimming reaper. Yield of the harvesting: Before 1990 was aimed the harvesting of the total area. Nowadays less as 1 million sheaf/year. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  17. RS-09 tractor 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  18. Olympia typ. tractor 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  19. SEIGA 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  20. Yield of the harvesting (1970-80) 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  21. Harvested: 2115 hectares 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  22. Standardization of reeds • Phytocoenological classification • Classification in point of view of reeds - Classification method in 1984 - Nationwide classification method in 1999 Fieldwork Models 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  23. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  24. Plant associations: • Scirpo-Phragmitetum schoenoplectetosum litoralis SOÓ 57 • Typhetum angustifoliae SOÓ 27. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum phragmitetosum (KOCH 26.) SOÓ 1957. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum typhetosum (KOCH 26.) SOÓ 1957. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum typhetosum utriculariosum fac.nov • Scirpo-Phragmitetum utriculariosum TÓTH et SZABÓ 1961. • Sc.-Phr. schoenoplectetosum tabernaemontani KÁRPÁTI et al. 1970. • Sc.-Phr. bolboschoenetum maritimi KÁRPÁTI et al. 1970. • Sc.-Phr. cladietosum marisci SOÓ 1949. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum magnocaricosum TÓTH 1960. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum calamagrostetosum epigeios ass.nov. • Scirpo-Phragmitetum ruderale • Bolboschoenetum maritimi continentale SOÓ 1927. • Bolbosch. mar. schoenoplect. tabernaemontani SOÓ 1957. • Cladietum marisci ALLORGE 1922. balatonicum SOÓ 1957. • Caricetum acutiformis-ripariae SOÓ 1927. • Deschampsietum caespitosae HORVATIC 1930 croatipannonicum • Salicetum albae-fragilis Issler (1926.) Soó 1957. • Calamagrostio-Salicetum cinereae TÓTH 1960 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  25. Reed classes of 1984: 1.1. Homogeneous reeds, islands, open water zone 1.2. Closed and gross inner reeds 2.1. Thin reeds (closing 50-80 %) 2.2. Degraded reeds (closing is less than 50 %) 3. Sedge 4. Willow-bed - reeds 5. Reed-mace 6. Schoenoplectetum litoralis continentale 7.1. Bunking areas with reed-cover 7.2. Afforestation. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  26. Reed classes of 1999: I.A Optimal reeds. II.A Thin reeds. III.A Senescent reeds. IV.A Thin and senescent reeds. V.A Degraded reeds. I.B Natural moor- and wetlands. II.B In a small compass weedy moor- and wetlands. III.B Weedy moor- and wetlands. IV.B Fully weedy moor- and wetlands. V.B Afforested moor- and wetlands. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  27. I.A Class: Sc. Phr. phragmitetosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  28. IA. Class: Schoenoplectus litorlis 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  29. II.A Class: Sc. Phr. phragmitetosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  30. III.A Class: Sc. Phr. typhetosum utriculariosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  31. IV.A Class: Sc. Phr phragmitetosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  32. V.A Class: bald spot (Sc. Phr. utriculariosum) 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  33. I.B Class: Sc. Phr. magnocaricosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  34. III.B Class: Salicetum cinereae phragmitetosum 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  35. V.B Class: Gyomos beerdősödő feltöltés 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  36. Results of the Reed monitoring • 1984 • 1999 • 2007 (to proceed) 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  37. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  38. Area of reed classes of Fertő in 1984 Class Designation Poligon Area(ha) Area (%) 1.1 Homogeneous reeds, islands, open water 71 598.55 7.96 1.2 Closed and gross inner reeds 140 1128.47 15.00 2.1 Thin reeds (closing 50-80 %) 108 2517.64 33.47 2.2 Degraded reeds198 1585.40 21.07 3 Sedge 25 395.19 5.25 4 Willow-bed - reeds2 2.59 0.03 5 Reed-mace79 26.59 0.35 6 Schoenoplectetum litoralis7 0.24 0.00 7.1 Bunking areas with reed-cover1 12.92 0.17 7.2 Afforestation3 2.26 0.03 Reeds 634 6269.89 83.34 Open water 67 1231.54 16.37 Dam 3 21.65 0.29 Sum: 704 7523.09 100.00 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  39. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  40. Area of reed classes of Fertő in 1999 Class Designation Area (ha) Area (%) I.A Optimal reeds275 3,66 I.B Natural moor- and wetlands82 1,09 II.A Thin reeds939 12,50 II.B Poory weedy moor- and wetlands380 5,07 III.A Senescent reeds2489 33,13 III.B Weedy moor- and wetlands30 0,40 IV.A Thin and senescent reeds1212 16,14 IV.B Fully weedy moor- and wetlands 27 0,36 V.A Degraded reeds847 11,28 V.B Afforested moor- and wetlands15 0,20 Sum reeds 6296 83,83 No reed area 12 0,15 Open water 1118 14,88 Inner lakes 85 1,13 Sum open water 1203 16,02 Sum total 7511 100,00 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  41. Conclusion: According to the examination in 1984: - Total area of the optimal reeds: 1727,28 ha 27,55 % - Total area of the thin reeds: 2517,89 ha 40,16 % - Total area of the degraded reeds: 1612,01 ha 25,71 % According to the examination in 1999: - Total area of the optimal reeds: 1176,74 ha 18,71 % - Total area of the thin reeds: 2503,82 ha 39,81 % - Total area of the degraded reeds: 2075,45 ha 33,00 % 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  42. 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

  43. Thanks for Attention ! István MÁRKUS dr. University of West Hungary Phone: +36-70-571-029 E-mail: Markus.Istvan1@chello.hu 8th LAKEPROMO Seminar and Meeting, Budapest, 10-14 October 2007

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