North America United States Canada

1. North America United States Canada

3. Beringia – a land bridge that once connected Siberia and Alaska • Migration – movement of people within a country • Ring of Fire

4. Great Lakes

5. Great Lakes: Lake Michigan Lake Erie Lake Huron Lake Ontario Lake Superior The Great Lakes and their connecting channels form the largest fresh water surface water system on earth

6. Great Lakes are used for shipping (iron ore pellets)

7. Holds 6 quadrillion gallons of water – 1/5th of the world’s fresh surface water supply 1989 – United States and Canada signed a Great Lakes water-quality agreement to track and clean up sources of pollution

8. St. Lawrence Seaway

9. *Opened in 1959 *Joint project of the US and Canada *Connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean

11. LOCKS *Sections of waterway with closed gates that allow water levels to raise and lower

12. *Enables ships to sail from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean

14. Appalachian Mountains *Extend 1,600 miles from Newfoundland, Canada to Alabama *More than 400 million years old - eroded

16. Rocky Mountains *Relatively young – 80 million years old *Extend from Canada south to Mexico – over 3,000 miles

17. Continental Divide

18. Called the Great Divide in the US Moves along the crest of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico Separates water from flowing east and west

20. Runs thru Glacier, Yellowstone, and Rocky Mountain National Parks

21. Permafrost – permanently frozen ground

22. Aboriginal People of North America United States – called Native Americans or American Indians Canada – called First Peoples

23. First Peoples of Canada • Traded with the French • French treated them with more • respect • Weren’t placed on reservations at • the magnitude that happened in • the US

24. Percentage of First Peoples in Canada

26. Native Americans / American Indians • Thousands died from diseases • brought by the Europeans • Land was taken away from them • Placed on reservations and • forced to change the way they • lived • All treaties with the US • government were broken • Reservations today are • considered to be the poorest • areas in our country

27. Native Americans suffered from: • White brutality • Alcoholism • The killing and driving off of game • Disease brought by the • Europeans (smallpox)

28. Both Native Americans and First Peoples were hunters and gatherers

29. Trail of Tears 1830 – Andrew Jackson pushed through the Indian Removal Act after taking office Indians were to give up their lands Cherokee were tricked into signing a treaty

30. A small group of leaders not recognized by the Cherokee nation signed the treaty 1838 – US government sent in 7,000 troops to remove the Indians in what is known as the “Trail of Tears” Over 4,000 died on the march

31. Battle of the Little Bighorn Known as “Custer’s Last Stand” 1876 – Lt. Colonel George Custer led his 7th Cavalry to move Sioux and Cheyenne onto government reservations Sitting Bull refused to be placed on the reservation

33. Custer and the 7th Calvary were defeated by the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho

34. WOUNDED KNEE December 29, 1880 Chief Big Foot and nearly 300 unarmed men, women and children were massacred Those who tried to run were shot down 29 soldiers were killed by their own gunfire This was the last of the killings/wars

35. Prevailing Westerlies – winds that blow from west to east in the middle of the latitude; summers are moderately warm and winters are long Nomads – people who move from place to place Frontier – free open land Migration – movement of people within a country

36. Suburb – communities outside of a large city

37. Metropolitan Area – an area including and its surrounding suburbs

38. Megalopolis – a region in which several large cities and surrounding areas grow together EX: New York City, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and Boston

39. Service Industry – any kind of economic activity that produces a service EX: finance, medicine, transportation, education Postindustrial economy – manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role in the economy Multinational – engaging in business worldwide Free Enterprise – an economic system in which private individuals own and operate most of the resources, technology, and businesses. *Operate for profit with little government involvement

40. Exports – goods/products sold to another country

41. Imports – goods / products brought in from another country

42. NAFTA – North America Free Trade Agreement *Signed in 1994 *Trade agreement between United States, Mexico, and Canada

43. Infrastructure – the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going

44. Coalition – an alliance • Sustainable Communities – communities where residents live and work • Smart Growth – efficient use and conservation of land and resources • Assimilation – people from minority cultures assume the language, customs, and lifestyles of people from the dominant culture

45. United States

46. United States Population: 313,232,044 Land area is about half the size of Russia

47. Washington, D.C. - capital

48. World’s 3rd largest country by size World’s 3rd largest country by population US has the largest debt in the world

49. Has the largest economy in the world • Market-oriented economy - private individuals and businesses make most of the decisions Urban Population: 82% Majority of people work in service industry

50. Imported oil accounts for about 60% of US consumption US consumes more oil each day than any other country in the world