Selective Breeding and Transgenic Manipulation

1. Selective Breeding and Transgenic Manipulation How do scientists manipulate the DNA of living cells?

2. Selective Breeding • Used by humans • Process of only allowing those animals or plants with wanted characteristics to produce the next generation • Takes advantage of naturally occurring variation

3. Selective breeding techniques • Hybridization • Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms • Inbreeding • Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics • Ensures unique characteristics are passed on • Risky

4. Other ways to increase variation • Biotechnology: application of technological process to living organisms • Use radiation or chemicals to increase the mutation rate of an organism • Use drugs to produce plants with more chromosomes than normal= larger, stronger plants

5. Transgenic Manipulation • Recall: all living organisms use the same 4 letter code for their DNA!! • Transgenic: organisms that contain gene(s) from other species • Recombinant DNA: DNA joined together from two different organisms

6. Transgenic Manipulation • Plasmid: circular DNA contained in some bacteria and yeast • Genetic marker: gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don’t

7. Transgenic Manipulation Technique