4 .3 Selective Breeding

1. 4.3 Selective Breeding Pages 140-143

2. Selective Breeding • Choosing to breed plants and animals because they have desirable characteristics

3. Inbreeding • Mating closely related individuals to preserve characteristics

4. Hybridization • Dogs

5. Hybridization • fruit

6. Hybridization • Honey crisp apples (parent type unknown)

7. Hybridization • Canola from rapeseed (used to have a bad taste)

8. Hybridization • Marquis wheat from Red Fife and Red Calcutta

9. Heirloom

10. Pedigree A diagram of an individual’s ancestors used to analyze the Mendelian inheritance of a certain trait.

11. Pedigree • also used for selective breeding of plants and animals.

12. Family Tree

13. Freckles The allele for freckles, F, is dominant. Image: genetics.thetec.org

14. Marfan’s Syndrome

15. Pedigree Example: Image: saburchill.com

16. Legend Symbols and their meaning: image: uic.org

17. Guidelines: Roman numerals signify generations Arabic numerals identify individuals within generations. Birth order is left to right

18. Sex Linkage-Following the X and Y chromosome Autosomal inheritance is found on the autosome Sex-linked genes are found on the X chromosome

19. X-linked Females must inherit 2 recessive alleles on the X-chromosomes to express the trait. Males only need to inherit one X chromosome from their mothers to express the trait. The Y chromosome cannot mask the trait.

20. hemophilia Carried on the X chromosome image: torresbioclan.pbworks.com

21. hemophilia Image: torresbioclan.pbworks.com

22. Punnett square for hemophilia Father is a carrier. Image: macalester.edu

23. Red-green colour blindness

24. X-linked traits • The sexes exhibit different phenotypic ratios. • More males than females will express the recessive phenotype. • More females are carriers of the recessive X-linked alleles. Examples: red-green colour blindness, hemophilia, and male-pattern baldness

25. Y-linked traits Traits are controlled by a single allele passed on from fathers to sons on the Y chromosome.