Presentation at the Meeting to Commemorate the UN International Anticorruption Day

1. ENGAGEMENT OF CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO ENHANCE PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND COUNTER CORRUPTION ORGANIGRAM Presentation at the Meeting to Commemorate the UN International Anticorruption Day Organized by the Alliance of NGOs on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Roberto Villarreal Chief, Development Management Branch Division for Public Administration and Development Management United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs New York City, 8 December 2011

2. UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION A/RES/65/1: KEEPING THE PROMISE: UNITED TO ACHIEVE THE MDGs “We take note of the lessons learned and successful policies and approaches in the implementation and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and recognize that with increased political commitment these could be replicated and scaled up for accelerating progress, including by: (…) (e) Supporting participatory, community-led strategies aligned with national development priorities and strategies; (f) Promoting universal access to public and social services and providing social protection floors; (g) Improving capacity to deliver quality services equitably; (h) Implementing social policies and programmes, including appropriate conditional cash-transfer programmes, and investing in basic services for health, education, water and sanitation; (i) Ensuring the full participation of all segments of society, including the poor and disadvantaged, in decision-making processes; (…) (l) Enhancing opportunities for women and girls and advancing the economic, legal and political empowerment of women; (n) Working towards transparent and accountable systems of governance at the national and international levels; GA MILENNIUM DECLARATION AND MDGs

3. PUBLIC GOVERNANCE TAXES AND PERSONAL DUTIES PUBLIC GOODS (RULE OF LAW, JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION, SECURITY, DEFENSE, PUBLIC HEALTH, SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, MONETARY AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS, FINANCIAL STABILITY….) PUBLIC SERVICES (CORE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICES, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, SOCIAL SERVICES) PEOPLE CITIZENS GROUPS JUDICIARY INSTITUTIONS GOVERNMENT JUICIARY SOCIAL NETWORKS COMMUNITIES CONGRESS ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS SUPREME AUDITING CIVIC ASSOCIATIONS EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATION POLITICAL PARTIES REPRESENTATION INSTITUTIONS CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS MEDIA REPUTATION INSTITUTIONS MINISTRIES CENTRAL BANK LABOR UNIONS UNIVERSITIES AND THINK TANKS PETITIONS, GRIEVANCES, DENOUNCIATIONS CONSUMER PROTECTION SOE COOPERATIVES PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS INDUSTRAL CHAMBERS SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY INSTITUTIONS ANTICORRUPTION AGENCY HUMAN RIGHTS OMBUDSMAN MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTATION AND DELOBERATION INSTITUTIONS ESC LEADERSHIP, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, EMPOWREMENT OF CITIZENS, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, TRANSPARENCY, ICT (4) ENABLING CONDITIONS (1) STAKEHOLDERS (2) SUBSTANTIVE MATTER (3) INSTITUTIONS 3 http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/

4. ACCOUNTABILITY: DIVERSE MODES LOCAL LEVEL PROVINCIAL OR STATE LEVEL COUNTRY LEVEL PRIVATE SECTOR AND SOCIETY GOVERNMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS LEGISLATURE EXECUTIVE TOP TOP U E1 En L AUD SN AUD S1 S2 IA S S IA R R IA IA DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY INTERNAL AUDITING SUPREME AUDITING DIRECT ACCOUNTABILITY TO CITIZENS OFFICIAL AUDITING HIERACHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/

5. A TASK-FOCUSED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE MINDED VIEWON THE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICES (FOR DISCUSSION) TO WHOM (?) COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (HYPOTHESIS: SPATIAL, SKILLS, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE) INSTRUMENTS (EXAMPLES) ANTI-CORRUPTION: PREVENTION OR ERADICATION OF: • Investigations • Auditing • Inspections • Multi-stakeholder-Boards • Civic observatories and councils • Ombusdmen • Reporting systems • Hearings, meetings FRMAL • Illegitimate exclusion of non-State producers (deviations in granting exclusive production rights: concessions, permits, licenses, etc, .) • Illegitimate acquisitions and spending and illegitimate (non-) collection of deliveries (deviations in expenditures and collections of service fees) • Illegitimate taxation (bribes) • Illegitimate control (tolerance or protection of wrong or criminal acts or conducts, even if no tangible economic dimensions are in the forefront), e.g., incompetence, malpractice, unethical behavior, low respect for clients, etc.) TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT ORGANS, HIGH-LEVEL CSOs ALL USERS AND CITIZENS … HAVEs USERS, CITIZENS, GRASSROOTS CSOs … INFORMAL HAVE NOTs HOW DO FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS WORK TOGETHER? http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/ NEED FOR MORE EFFECTIVE POLICIES?

6. FOR DELIBERATION AND ANALYSIS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (HYPOTHESIS: SPATIAL, SKILLS, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE) • Do these comparative advantages exist? • Are both approaches complementary to each other? • Are there undesirable duplications of functions or other negative effects? • Can an effective and efficient combination of the two approaches be attained, and in case, how? TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT ORGANS, HIGH-LEVEL CSOs USERS, CITIZENS, GRASSROOTS CSOs http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/

7. FINAL REMARKS • The Development Management Branch (DMB) looks forward to conclude by the end of 2011 a publicationcovering issues of interest for all UN Member States on“Accountability and Eradication of Corruption for Fostering Development : Engagement of Citizens.” • Different activities will be pursued in this regard: • Analytical and research efforts • Concepts • Indicators • A number of international meetings with experts and practitioners • For knowledge sharing and capacity building • A global knowledge base on auditing and accountability and eradication of corruption for development will be constructed, as part of the UN Public Administration Country Studies database (UNPACS) • To systematically gather, organize and publicly offer information on every UN Member State on their legal and institutional framework, and on good practices • Laws, institutions, organization models • Institutions for citizens engagement • It is expected that these efforts will effectively contribute to the intergovernmental process of the United Nations • Declarations, resolutions, guidelines • All participants are welcome to cooperate with DMB in these matters 7

8. FINAL REMARKS The Division for Public Administration and Development Management, functions as Secretariat to the United Nations Public Service Awards In 2011, in cooperation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, a new category was inaugurated on prevention of corruption For most information see: www.unpan.org END OF PRESENTATION 8

9. ANNEXES http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/

10. DPADM AND DMB IN THE UN SECRETARIAT BACK

11. MILLENNIUM DECLARATION • Development encompasses a considerable large array of matters, so to focus attention and concentrate efforts from relevant actors in a set of very fundamental ones, the Millennium Declaration adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2000, highlighted the following and set corresponding targets for the year 2015 to guide adequate progress (continued…)

12. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS (1) Goal 1 End Poverty and Hunger • Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day • Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people • Target 3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education • Target 1: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women • Target 1: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

13. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS (2) Goal 4 Reduce Child Mortality • Target 1: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Goal 5 Improve maternal Health • Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio • Target 2: Achieve universal access to reproductive health Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases • Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS • Target 2: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it • Target 3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

14. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS (3) Goal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources • Target 2: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss • Target 3: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation • Target 4:By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

15. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS (4) GO BACK Goal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development • Target 1: Address the special needs of least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states • Target 2: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system • Target 3: Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt • Target 4: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries • Target 5: In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

16. END OF ANNEXES http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/