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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Psychology 1107. Why study disorders?. Disorders are pretty pervasive 400 million people worldwide Schizophrenia and depression are culture free Help us understand normal folks Maybe disordered have too much or too little of something They are sick, HELP THEM!.

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders Psychology 1107

  2. Why study disorders? • Disorders are pretty pervasive • 400 million people worldwide • Schizophrenia and depression are culture free • Help us understand normal folks • Maybe disordered have too much or too little of something • They are sick, HELP THEM!

  3. What is a disorder • To understand and study disorders we must first define what disordered means • Atypical • Disturbing • Maladaptive • Unjustifiable • Varies culturally • Varies temporally • Harm is the key really

  4. Where do disorders come from? • Evil! • Remove blood, hair teeth, that ought to take care of it…. • Drill a hole in the skull….

  5. Medical Perspective • Pinel realized it wasn’t demons • Stressors, inhumane treatment • Syphilis • Still a pretty popular idea • Brain problems • Schizophrenia and depression are treated with drugs

  6. Bio Psycho Social Perspective • Interaction of nature and nurture • While schizophrenia and depression are universal, others are not • So say anxiety may lead to one disorder in one place and one in another • Pretty popular approach nowadays

  7. Classify • Have to know the overall characteristics of a disorder • DSM • Doesn’t please everyone • Doesn’t talk about causes • Neurotic vs. psychotic disorders

  8. DSM • Many categories • Properly used the DSM is valid and reliable • Critics say it is just labeling • Rosenhan (1973) • More and more people seem to understand the idea of it being more like sickness

  9. A warning… • This system is for trained professionals • Please do not try this at home…

  10. Anxiety disorders • Generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, OCD • GAD is also known as ‘free floating anxiety’ • Cam escalate into a panic attack • Scary • Avoid situations • agoraphobia

  11. Phobias • Anxiety is focused on some object or situation • Can be incapacitating • Easily treated • More on that in another lecture….

  12. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • Many of us can see a bit of OCD in ourselves • When it interferes with daily life, that is when it becomes a problem • So where do OCD and GAD come from? • Learning • Evolutionary explanations

  13. Dissociaciative disorders • Amnesia • Fugue • Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) • Only in America…. • May not really even exist

  14. Mood disorders • We all have bad days, but not like this • Major depressive disorder involves • Lethargy • Loss of interest in everything • Feelings of worthlessness • Not just being sad • Dysthimic disorder is a minor version

  15. Bipolar disorder • From depression to mania • Grandiose optimism • Too much esteem • No sex differences

  16. Some key depressing facts.. • Cognitive changes • Depression is widespread • Sex differences • Usually short lived • Stressful events before onset • Rate increasing, age of onset decreasing

  17. Biology • Clear genetic effects • NE and 5Ht correlate with mood • Most drugs that are effective operate on these systems

  18. Social cognitive approach • Self defeating moods and thoughts • Thoughts feed moods • Moods feed thoughts • Aww what’s the use….

  19. Schizophrenia • IS NOT MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER • It is disordered thinking • It is distorted perceptions • It is inappropriate emotins and actions • Can be chronic or acute

  20. Types • Positive and negative symptoms • Paranoid • Disorganized • Catatonic • undifferentiated

  21. Why? • Not social • Genetic • Biological • Dopamine is the key

  22. Personality disorders • Debilitating personality, not just annoying • Borderline • Narcissistic • Histrionic • Antisocial • Psychopath or sociopath

  23. Rates • About 30 % of people have had a disorder, about 20 % have one right now • Remember this includes phobias, drug problems • Two times higher under the poverty line • Something has to be done

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