Chapter 22 sec 3-5

1. Chapter 22 sec 3-5 Vietnam

2. Draft • Males = 18-26 • Lottery System • Manipulatable system • Medical exemptions • Change residents = draft board • National Guard • Deferment from Vietnam • College • Working class war • Minorities / Lower class • Racial tensions War

3. 1965 = 20,000 March on Washington • 1967 = ½ Million New York Central Park • “Burn cards, not people” • “Hell, no, we won’t go!” • Burned draft cards • 1970 = Nixon phases out draft Protests

4. 200,000 accused of draft offenses • 4,000 imprisoned • 10,000 Fled = Canada • Muhammad Ali • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeFMyrWlZ68 • Hawks v. Doves • Protests acts of disloyalty?? • 70% believed it to be Un-American Protests Cont.

5. VIETNAM, CH 22 Section 4

6. Tet • Lunar New Year (Jan 30) • Truce • War funerals • Tet Offensive • Vietcong launch attack on over 100 towns and 12 U.S. air bases • Takes U.S. a month to regain control of towns • 32,000 Vietcong die • 3,000 U.S/ARVN die • Shook American public • 60% of Americans dissaproved • Johnsons handling of war 1968

7. Eugene McCarthy • Senator • Runs on anti-war platform • Robert Kennedy • At first, isn’t going to run • After McCarthy holds his own in primary against Johnson, Bobby changes his mind • Hubert Humphrey • Johnson’s Vice-President Election of 1968/Democratic Party

8. April 4, 1968 • Martin Luther King assassinated • June 5, 1968 • Robert Kennedy assassinated Tragedy

9. August 28, 1968 • Protesters converge in Chicago at Democratic National Convention • Nixon wins Republican candidacy • Nixon wins the Presidential Election in November Presidential Election

10. Nixon and Vietnam Section 5

11. Henry Kissinger • National Security Advisor to Nixon • Vietnamization • Gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops so the South Vietnamese could take on a more active combat role • August, 1969, first 25,000 troops head home • Over the next three years, less than 25,000 remain by 1971 Vietnamization

12. Nixon wanted to maintain U.S. dignity during withdrawal • He secretly ordered bombing of Laos and Cambodia • Vietcong strongholds • Silent Majority – Nixon’s belief that the moderate, mainstream Americans supported war • Even as troops coming home from Vietnam, Nixon announces invasion of Cambodia The WAR continues

13. Seymour Hersch • New York Times reporter • March 16, 1968 • U.S. platoon under command of Lt. William Calley, Jr. ordered to “kill anything that breathed” • Over 200 innocent women, children, elderly killed My LAI

14. April 30, 1970 • Nixon orders invasion of Cambodia • To clear out VC • College students burst out in protests • Kent State University • Protesters burn ROTC building • National Guard fires on crowd • 9 wounded, 4 killed • Jackson State College • 12 wounded, 2 killed Protests http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyzoNCJvy4c

15. Leaked by Dept. of Defense worker Daniel Ellsberg • 7,000 documents that laid out the plans of U.S. entering Vietnam War • Hurt Nixon administration • Confirmed the growing belief that the American people couldn’t trust the government Pentagon Papers

16. March, North Vietnam launch massive attack on South • Nixon responds with bombing campaign • October, Kissinger secretly meeting with Le DucTho (N.V. negotiator) for last year, drops demand the North withdraw • Last bombing on Hanoi and Haiphong, 100,000 bombs • Moscow, Beijing, Congress say ENOUGH • March 29, 1973 Last of U.S. troops come home 1972 Election/Nixon wins

17. Americans • 58,000 killed • 303,000 wounded • Vietnamese • Over 2 million killed • North and South • Government abolishes draft • War Powers Act • President must inform Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment • 90 days or less • American foreign policy altered • …pause, consider risks • People NO LONGER TRUST government Legacy of Vietnam War