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Chapter 25 Sec 3

Chapter 25 Sec 3. Growth and Development. Agriculture . New agriculture methods, such as increased mechanization, more irrigation, increased use of fertilizers, and more effective insecticides, increased agricultural productivity significantly.

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Chapter 25 Sec 3

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  1. Chapter 25 Sec 3 Growth and Development

  2. Agriculture • New agriculture methods, such as increased mechanization, more irrigation, increased use of fertilizers, and more effective insecticides, increased agricultural productivity significantly. • The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and agents of the Texas A&M University Extension Service provided information about the use of these new products and methods • Cotton producers moved westward to lands where the sandy soil was better suited to the crop

  3. Agriculture • Increased productivity was also due to farmers and ranchers using factory methods to raise cattle and poultry. • The High Plains experienced a boom in the cattle feed industry. In 1973, President Nixon imposed a price freeze on beef. Ranchers withheld the cattle from market, and when they release them, the oversupply caused a bust. • Chicken and turkey farmers constructed large poultry houses, which allowed fast-food chicken restaurants to expand.

  4. Discussion question • How did Texas A&M University Extension Service help boost the Texas economy?

  5. Answer: • It provided farmers and ranchers with the latest research techniques to improve production

  6. Environment Concerns • Feedlots and large poultry operations caused environmental concerns • Other air-pollution industries in Texas were cotton gins, smelters, foundries, paper mills, steel plants, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical plants. • The Houston Ship Channel was so polluted that tests showed no oxygen in the water, so life could not survive.

  7. Environment Concerns • In 1965, the state created an Air Control Band. In 1968, the state prohibited cities from burning garbage • Industries along the Houston Ship Channel worked to reduce pollutants. Shrimp, fish, and crabs returned to the waters

  8. Discussion question • Do you think that growth of industries and prosperity can occur without extensive pollution of air and water?

  9. answer • Students should recognize that industry in the 1970s and later were able to reverse some of the pollution. Some students may suggest that with careful planning, pollution could be avoided or limited

  10. Oil Economics • An energy crisis was triggered when the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel drove up oil prices by cutting the supply • The energy crisis forced motorists to ration consumption of gasoline, and all gas stations closed on Sundays • Texas companies drilled for more oil, hired employees at high wages, and prosperity spread to other businesses, such as banking and real estate.

  11. Oil economics • When oil prices finally fell in the 1980s, other parts of the economy fell, too • Texans traveled throughout the world advising on oil related activities

  12. Discussion question • What lesson can be learned from the way oil prices fluctuated?

  13. answer • Students should recognize that local energy costs are interdependent with international economies and business practices.

  14. New construction for a modern state • An increase in construction projects occurred in Texas during the 1960s and 1970s. • The most dramatic project was the Astrodome, built in 1963-1964, the world’s first baseball stadium with a roof • Texas’s growing interdependence with the world encouraged construction of new airports in Dallas and Houston • Developers built new housing projects near both airports

  15. New construction for a modern state • NASA provided stimulus for development around Clear Lake • In downtown S.A., construction of the 92-acre HemisFair in 1968 transformed the city. Nations of the world brought exhibits for 6 million visitors • One of the most important buildings was the Institute of Texan Cultures, where visitors came to appreciate the diversity of Texas

  16. Discussion question • What effect do you think the new airports in Dallas and Houston had on the Texas economy?

  17. Answer • Students should recognize that large, modern transportation centers spur growth in distribution of goods and encourage international business. Such large projects also generate new businesses and jobs in service and construction industries

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