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Discovery of the New World

Discovery of the New World. Vikings Later European Explorers. Vikings in America. The Saga of the Greenlanders , ca. A.D. 1200 Erik Thorvaldsson- “Erik the Red” A.D. 982, sailed west from Iceland, arrived in Greenland 3 years later.

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Discovery of the New World

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  1. Discovery of the New World Vikings Later European Explorers

  2. Vikings in America • The Saga of the Greenlanders, ca. A.D. 1200 • Erik Thorvaldsson- “Erik the Red” • A.D. 982, sailed west from Iceland, arrived in Greenland 3 years later. • A.D. 986, persuaded 25 shiploads of settlers to settle in Greenland • Bjarni Herjolfsson sets out to Greenland and gets lost, lands on east facing, forested coast, so turns north and east and goes to Greenland.

  3. http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/start.html

  4. Leif Eriksson • A.D. 990, Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the red explores to the west finds and names several new areas: • Slabrock Land-Baffin Island • Forest Land-Labrador and Newfoundland • Wineland-Northern Maine/New Brunswick. • Came into contact with “wild groups” of people. • His brother, Thorvald, was killed by natives and buried near the Bay of Fundy.

  5. L’anse aux Meadows-Newfoundland • Excavations of site dating to A.D. 1000 • 8 sod walled structures, Norse artifacts • spindle whorl • needle hone • work shed • boat sheds • smithy

  6. http://members.aol.com/bakken1/viking/vikingnw.gif

  7. L’Anse Aux Meadows http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7317.jpg

  8. L’anse Aux Meadows http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm

  9. L’anse Aux Meadows: Sod house http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm

  10. L’Anse Aux Meadows Reconstructed http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld1455.jpg

  11. Reconstruction Enhanced http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7371.jpg

  12. Smithy Excavations http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/smithy7343.jpg

  13. Smithy Reconstructed http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/smithy7347.jpg

  14. Reconstructed house interior http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld1459.jpg

  15. Artifacts Ship Fittings http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm

  16. Drawing of Viking Ship http://vikingships.tripod.com/images

  17. Viking Ship: replica of ship, christened as Edda, sailing in Heroy fjord in 1988 www.heorot.dk/beo-guide.html

  18. Pin http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/pin7331.jpg

  19. Artifacts Continued Stone lamp http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7361.jpg

  20. Trade • Trade between Norse and Inuit natives • copper and iron • Norwegian penny found in Maine, dating to A.D. 1065-1080. • woolen cloth • chain mail • carpenters tools

  21. Norse Departure • Norse never settled N. America, stayed in Greenland until A.D. 1500.

  22. Later European Explorers-15th c • Oct 12, 1492-Columbus lands at San Salvador, Bahamas. • Search for western route to Indies. • Soon followed by other explorers to “serve God and get rich”

  23. Other 15th Century Explorers • A.D. 1497-John Cabot travels north • Scholars debate exactly where he landed and explored Cabot’s ship “Matthew” http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/cabot1497.html#matthew

  24. 16th Century • A.D. 1506, de Balboa traveled across Central America to Pacific. • A.D. 1584, Amadas and Barlow, sailing for Walter Raleigh, set out to settle can colonize the New World. • One year later, Grenville followed, colony was a failure, but had scientists on board who sketched natives (Powhatan). • Hariot’sBriefe and True Report of the new Found Land of Virginia, 1588.

  25. A.D. 1524, de Verrazano-landed at Cape Fear, NC to Maine De Verrazzano (http://www.italianhistorical.org/verrazzano.htm)

  26. Jacques Cartier • A.D. 1534, Jacques Cartier, sailed the Gulf of St. Lawrence. • He used Indian guides for his voyages, two of which he later brought back to France.

  27. Jacques Cartier’s Route 1 http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/carti_em.html

  28. Cartier Route 2 http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/cart2_em.html

  29. Southern Explorers • A.D. 1513 Ponce de Leon in Florida • A.D. 1519 de Pineda-Mississippi River • Navarez followed Pineda, landing in Tampa Bay, set out to march west with 260 men • Only five men survived (Navarez one of them) • Others (de Niza, de Coronado, de Alvarado) tried and failed to find the “Seven lost cities of Cibola”, a place teaming with gold.

  30. De Soto • A.D. 1539 Hernando de Soto • descriptions of Florida’s inhabitants. • Went west in search of gold to Mississippi, then into Oklahoma. • Realized that the southeast had no gold, de Soto died of fever.

  31. De Soto’s Trail http://www.floridahistory.com/inset44.html#Chroniclers

  32. Native American villages • De Soto and his man recorded the Indian villages they came across:http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry-plates/

  33. Prehistoric Occupants • Explorers reports of the “Indians” spawned speculation about them. • Much diversity and differences between the Indians that were brought back to the noble courts of Europe for display. • Theories • Ancient Carthaginian migrations • Ten Lost Tribes of Israel • Indians related to Tartars, Scythians and biblical Hebrews.

  34. Next Time • The nature of North American archaeology.

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