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Rabies virus

Rabies virus. Shape: bullet Genome: -ssRNA enveloped virus CPE: Negri body. Structure of Rabies Virus. 抵抗力不强，60  C 30min 或100 C 2min 可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。 在脑组织中室温或4 C 可持续1－2周。甘油中可保存数月。. Reservoir. Urban forms: Dogs and cats

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Rabies virus

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  1. Rabies virus

  2. Shape: bullet • Genome: -ssRNA • enveloped virus • CPE: Negri body

  3. Structure of Rabies Virus

  4. 抵抗力不强，60C 30min或100C 2min可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。 • 在脑组织中室温或4C可持续1－2周。甘油中可保存数月。

  5. Reservoir • Urban forms: Dogs and cats • Sylvatic forms: Bats, foxes, raccoons莞熊, wolves, skunks臭鼬, coyotes丛林狼, mongooses猫鼬, and biting animals

  6. Transmission • By bite or scratch • Via saliva • Airborne ( bats)

  7. BAT armadillo

  8. fox Cat dog raccoon

  9. Fever Dysphagia咽下困难 Altered mental status Excitement, agitation Paralysis麻痹 Hydrophobia恐水 Hypersalivation多涎 Nausea, vomiting恶心;作呕 Headache malaise不适 Rabies or hydrophobia

  10. Laboratory diagnosis • Diseased dog: viral antigen and Negri body in brain tissue. • Patient: IF assay, PCR.

  11. Prevention and treatment

  12. Prevention and treatment • Bite Geographical area, type of animal, severity and site of bite. Animal • Live - observe in cage: If survives > 8 days, then NOT rabies. Dead - brain • - Negri bodies - IFA - virus isolation

  13. Prevention and treatment Man Live - difficult diagnosis - clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression (antibodies only appear very late) Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort "Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain cells; immunofluorescence virus isolation .

  14. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  15. Biological properties • naked dsDNA virus with 9 ORF • belongs to Papovaviridae • more than 60 types • artificial cultivation un-successful.

  16. Transmission • contact infection • sexual infection • congenital infection.

  17. Pathogenesis • Host-specific • Tissue-specific.

  18. Disease • Cutaneous warts • Epidermodysplasia verruciformis • Mucosal HPV infections • Cervical cancer and other cancers: • A significant proportion of cancers is associated with HPV infection: 11% of all cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in men.

  19. LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

  20. Laboratory diagnosis • - Cytology- Histology- Colposcopy in the case of genital HPV infections.- Electron microscopy. • - Immunocytochemistry can detect major capsid protein but are generally group specific not type specific- DNA detection techniques. This is the only way to type HPVs.PCR

  21. PARVOVIRUSES Human parvovirus B19

  22. DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES • Are small, naked viruses with icosahedral nucleocapsids. • Contain single-stranded DNA and replicate in the nucleus. • Include human parvovirus (B19) and adenoassociated virus, a defective virus of the dependovirus genus that requires adenovirus to replicate. • Human pathogen, B19, has tropism for red blood cell progenitors

  23. EPIDEMIOLOGY • These organisms are widely distributed in nature. • Enters the body through: The respiratory tract Blood transfusions Vertically from mother.

  24. DIAGNOSIS • Direct detection of the viral DNA may be achieved by PCR

  25. Prevention and Treatment • Immunological: no vaccines are available • Treatment: Commercial immunoglobulin preparations contain parvo B19 antibodies can successfully eliminate the infection in immunocompromised patients

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