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Rabies virus

Rabies virus. Shape: bullet Genome: -ssRNA enveloped virus CPE: Negri body. Structure of Rabies Virus. 抵抗力不强， 60 C 30min 或 100C 2min 可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。 在脑组织中室温或 4C 可持续 1 － 2 周。甘油中可保存数月。. Reservoir. Urban forms: Dogs and cats

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Rabies virus

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  1. Rabies virus

  2. Shape: bullet • Genome: -ssRNA • enveloped virus • CPE: Negri body

  3. Structure of Rabies Virus

  4. 抵抗力不强，60C 30min或100C 2min可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。 • 在脑组织中室温或4C可持续1－2周。甘油中可保存数月。

  5. Reservoir • Urban forms: Dogs and cats • Sylvatic forms: Bats, foxes, raccoons, wolves, skunks, coyotes, mongooses, and biting animals

  6. Transmission • By bite or scratch • Via saliva • Airborne ( bats)

  7. BAT armadillo

  8. fox Cat dog raccoon

  9. Fever Dysphagia咽下困难 Altered mental status Excitement, agitation Paralysis麻痹 Hydrophobia恐水 Hypersalivation多涎 Nausea, vomiting恶心;作呕 Headache malaise不适 Rabies or hydrophobia

  10. Laboratory diagnosis • Diseased dog: viral antigen and Negri body in brain tissue. • Patient: IF assay, PCR.

  11. Prevention and treatment

  12. Prevention and treatment • Bite Geographical area, type of animal, severity and site of bite. • Animal • Live - observe in cage: If survives > 8 days, then NOT rabies. Dead - brain • - Negri bodies - IFA - virus isolation

  13. Prevention and treatment Man Live - difficult diagnosis - clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression (antibodies only appear very late) Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort "Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain cells;immunofluorescence virus isolation .

  14. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  15. Biological properties • naked dsDNA virus with 9 ORF • belongs to Papovaviridae • more than 60 types • artificial cultivation un-successful.

  16. Transmission • contact infection • sexual infection • congenital infection.

  17. Pathogenesis • Host-specific • Tissue-specific.

  18. Disease • Cutaneous warts • Epidermodysplasia verruciformis • Mucosal HPV infections • Cervical cancer and other cancers: • A significant proportion of cancers is associated with HPV infection: 11% of all cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in men.

  19. LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

  20. Laboratory diagnosis • - Cytology- Histology- Colposcopy in the case of genital HPV infections.- Electron microscopy. • - Immunocytochemistry can detect major capsid protein but are generally group specific not type specific- DNA detection techniques. This is the only way to type HPVs.PCR

  21. PARVOVIRUSES Human parvovirus B19

  22. DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES • Are small, naked viruses with icosahedral nucleocapsids. • Contain single-stranded DNA and replicate in the nucleus. • Include human parvovirus (B19) and adenoassociated virus, a defective virus of the dependovirus genus that requires adenovirus to replicate. • Human pathogen, B19, has tropism for red blood cell progenitors

  23. shape

  24. Fifth Disease

  25. EPIDEMIOLOGY • These organisms are widely distributed in nature. • Enters the body through: The respiratory tract Blood transfusions Vertically from mother.

  26. Laboratory DIAGNOSIS • Laboratory diagnosis of acute parvo B19 is based on the presence of IgM antibodies. The virus cannot be cultivated in routine cell culture lines, but direct detection of the viral DNA may be achieved by PCR.

  27. DIAGNOSIS

  28. Prevention and Treatment • Immunological: no vaccines are available • Treatment: Commercial immunoglobulin preparations contain parvo B19 antibodies can successfully eliminate the infection in immunocompromised patients

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