Expanding students' vocabulary and having fun too!! By Marlene Chesney

1. Expanding  students' vocabulary and having fun too!!ByMarlene Chesney

2. VocabularyWhat does it mean to ‘know’ a word? Word meaning is not as obvious as it sounds. Shanker & Cockrum (2009) suggests five different levels of vocabulary knowledge, listed here from lowest to highest. A student has • no recall of the word, and may never have come across it before. • no idea of its meaning, but is aware it is a word. • a rough idea of its meaning and understands the word in context. • a thorough understanding of the word in the context in which it appears. • a knowledge of the many meanings of the word (if applicable) and integrates the word into speech, writing and thought.

3. When one reads, there is a finite amount of cognitive resources available to both decode the words and then gain meaning from the reading. If too much of these mental resources are required to decode the word, then comprehension may suffer. (LaBerge & Samuels’s theory of automatic information processing,cited in Rasinski & Hoffman, 2006).

4. A vocabulary enhancement strategy….. • Many words in English are based on Latin roots, Greek combining forms and Anglo-Saxon base words. • Added to these are prefixes and suffixes, which form new words.

5. What are the most common prefixes and suffixes in English?Note : the word affix means prefixes and suffixes

6. Dis In, im, il, ir Re un -ed -ing -er,-or -s, -es Most common Prefixes & Suffixes • PrefixesSuffixes In printed school English, 97% of prefixed words and 97% of suffixed words have the above endings.

7. Dis…………not In, im, il, ir..not Re……..again, back Un……..not -ed...past tense-verbs -ing…verb form/present participle -er, or..person connected with -s, -es…plural Most common Prefixes & Suffixes • PrefixesSuffixes In printed school English, 97% of prefixed words and 97% of suffixed words have the above endings. Note that the suffixes –ed and –ing CHANGE the part of speech or tense..they are called “INFLEXIONAL ENDINGS”. -er, -or, are DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES..they change the MEANING eg actor. waiter

8. The next slide is amazing! (Marlene’s view)

9. These 12 Latin roots….these plus the Greek combining forms graph, ology plus other prefixes and suffixes…….. • Plic, ply • Scrib, script • Duc, duce, duct • Tend, tens, tent • Mit, miss • Ten, tain, tin, tinu • Spec, spect, spic • Fer • Fac, fact, fect, fic • Sist, sta, stat, stit • Pon, pose, pound • Cap, ceit, ceive, cep, cip ………

10. … Aid in the comprehension of over 100,000 words • Brown(1947) as cited in Henry(2009,p109)

11. LATIN ROOT MEANINGS • Plic, ply (to fold) • Scrib, script (to write) • Duc, duce, duct (to lead) • Tend, tens, tent (to stretch or strain) • Mit, miss (to send) • Ten, tain, tin, tinu (to hold) • Spec, spect, spic (to see, watch, or observe) • Fer (to bear or yield) • Fac, fact, fect, fic (to make or do) • Sist, sta, stat, stit (to stand) • Pon, pose, pound (to put, place, or set) • Cap, ceit, ceive, cep, cip (to take, catch, seize, hold, or receive)

12. Activity 1 • In pairs list as many words you can using one “group” of roots. Eg scrib, script (to write)

13. Other Latin prefixes with meanings • co- together • de- away, off; generally indicates reversal or removal …………….in English; the opposite of • inter- between, among • con- with, thoroughly • non- not • post- after • pre- before • re- again; back, backward • sub- under

14. Change the part of speech or tense -ive, -ative, -itive Eg attentive -tion –to form noun Eg hestitation Changes the meaning -less….without Eg hopeless -phobia…fear of -ress/-ess …forming a feminine noun … Latin suffixes

15. Activity 2… Use these prefixes plus any suffixes & to make a morpheme web forthe root struct Con- de- structure In- ob- unlocking Literacy, M Henry p 111

17. Activity 3- Number prefixes.. • 18 cards- one per person • Stand in order from smallest to largest number • Think of 2 words with your prefix • Think of one sentence which explains your word in context

18. Activity 4- Prefixes, suffixes & roots.. • Either • 14 cards..prefixes and roots • Or • 22 cards…suffixes and roots

19. . • Activity 5 - Pedal to the Podiatrist.1 • Or • Bingo

20. Activity 5- Pedal to the Podiatrist.1 • Sometimes English imports words from both Greek and Latin that mean the same thing. This has happened in the case of the Latin root word ped and the Greek root word pod, which both mean “foot.” • Can you think of some words with ped or pod?

21. Pedal to the Podiatrist..2 • pedal: part of a bike for the ‘foot’ • pedometer: instrument which measures the ‘feet’ that someone walks • pedestrian: one who walks around on her ‘feet’ • biped: animal which walks on two ‘feet’ • quadruped: animal which walks on four ‘feet’ • centipede: insect which has around 100 ‘feet’ • millipede: insect that etymologically has 1000 ‘feet’ • tripod: stand with three ‘feet’ • podium: stand with one ‘foot’ • antipodes: place on the Earth opposite one’s own ‘feet’ • podiatrist: ‘foot’ doctor • sauropod: lizard-‘footed’ dinosaur • expedition: a freeing of the ‘feet’ to travel

22. Pedo- or Paedo-[ • "relating to children", from the Greek word pais (παῖς), meaning "child", which derived from the Proto-Indo European base word *peu-, meaning "small," "young" or "few". • It is spelled "pedo-" in USA spelling and "paedo-" in British spelling.

23. Did you know? • ¾ of Medical terminology is of Greek Origin • ½ Medical terminology is less than a century old and it is an international language.

24. Did you know? • Phlebo- means vein. • phlebitis(inflammation of the veins), • phlebotomist (a person who draws blood from veins), • phlebotomy (a venipuncture).

25. Un- (not or opposite) Prefixes Example of an worksheet • Read the following and underline all words which are negative. • The girl was unhappy because she lost her wallet. • The room was tidy. After the party it was untidy. It was a mess. • Unripe strawberries are green. Ripe strawberries are red. • Joe was unlucky. He lost $20. • Mario is unfit for work as he has a very bad cold.

26. Complete the table • base word //opposite// other words • Happy……………unhappy……………sad

27. Prefixes and Suffixes in the Language Leader text books

28. Greek Combining Forms Many of the Latin roots were actually borrowed from the Greek. • The Greek –based words in English tend to be related to math and science. • Note: Because Greek-based words part compound, the parts are usually called combining forms.

31. Brainstorming Greek-based words • Students write as many words containing each Greek combining form as they can. This can be a group or solo activity • Micro • Chron • photo

32. Activities-examples

33. Activities-example 2

35. Other activities • Use any article/paragraph of writing. • Underline all prefixes/suffixes • In a different colour underline Latin roots or Greek combining forms