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European Exploration and Colonization in North and South America

Explore the European countries' colonization of North and South Americas and the impact on native populations. Learn about Spanish exploration, English settlements, and the economic foundations of Southern colonies.

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European Exploration and Colonization in North and South America

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  1. European Exploration and Colonization

  2. What European country explored and settled the Caribbean, Central America, and South America? • Spain

  3. For what two reasons did Englishmen settle in North America? • Religious Freedom • Economic Opportunity

  4. What religious group settled New England? • The Puritans

  5. What was another name for the Church of England? • The Anglican Church

  6. What was the major reason for the settlement of New England? • Religious Freedom

  7. Who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620? • Commonly called the Pilgrims

  8. What agreement signed by the male settlers at Plymouth helped establish the notion of self-government in the Americas? • The Mayflower Compact

  9. Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The Puritans

  10. What was the basic unit of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The Church Congregation • Each congregation established a Town

  11. Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct democracy? • At Town Meetings

  12. What three European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic region? • English • Dutch • Germans

  13. What was the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? • Economic Opportunity

  14. Who founded the Virginia colony as a business venture? • The Virginia Company of London

  15. Who were the English nobility who received large land grants in Virginia from the King of England and helped settle the colony? • Cavaliers

  16. Define indentured servant? • A person who agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for payment of his passage to America.

  17. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? • Jamestown

  18. What became the cash crop of the Virginia colony? • Tobacco

  19. What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking body) in the New World? • The House of Burgesses

  20. With what colony does one associate the Cavaliers? • Virginia

  21. Where did many poor English immigrants settle in the Virginia colony? • In the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia

  22. What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish explore and settle? • The Caribbean • Central America • South America

  23. What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore? • Canada

  24. Who had better relations with the First Americans, the British or the French? • The French

  25. How did English colonization affect the American Indians? • Lost territory • Died from European diseases, especially smallpox

  26. What group did Europeans force to come to the Americas? • Africans

  27. Name four characteristics of the economy of the New England colonies? • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Lumbering • Subsistence Farming

  28. Name three characteristics of the economy of the Middle Colonies? • Shipbuilding • Small farms • Trading

  29. What was the economic basis of the Southern colonies? • Cash crops raised on large Plantations

  30. What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? • Subsistence farming • Hunting • Trading

  31. What were the three cash crops of the Southern colonies? • Tobacco • Rice • Indigo

  32. What were the two cash crops in South Carolina? • Rice • Indigo

  33. Which English colonies believed in private property and free enterprise (profit)? • ALL

  34. What trade pattern brought Africans to the English colonies? • The Triangular Trade

  35. What was the name of the forced voyage of African slaves from their homes to the New World? • The Middle Passage

  36. According to the SOL, what were the 3 points in the Triangular Trade? • The New England Colonies • The West Indies • Africa

  37. To what major conflict did the Southern colonies’ slavery-based agricultural economy eventually lead? • The Civil War

  38. What does religious tolerance mean? • Freedom of Religion

  39. What religious group settled Pennsylvania? • Quakers

  40. What religious group settled Maryland? • Roman Catholics

  41. What two groups of colonists generally believed in religious tolerance? • Quakers • Roman Catholics

  42. What are the eastern lowlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain called? • Tidewater

  43. What was the background of the small farmers, hunters, and traders in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? • Scotch-Irish • English

  44. What religious movement swept the American colonies in the mid-1700s? • The Great Awakening

  45. Name two important leaders of the Great Awakening? • George Whitefield • Jonathan Edwards

  46. What two denominations grew rapidly as a result of the Great Awakening? • Baptists • Methodists

  47. What religious movement of the mid-18th century preached “fire and brimstone” sermons to encourage spiritual rebirth? • The Great Awakening

  48. What did the Great Awakening challenge? • The religious order of the colonies • The governmental order of the colonies

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