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Production Technology (IND 006)

This lecture introduces the common characteristics of engineering materials and focuses on ferrous metals, including steel and cast iron. It discusses their properties, manufacturing processes, and applications.

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Production Technology (IND 006)

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  1. Lecture No. 3 Production Technology(IND 006) Preparatory Year, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University Dr. Ahmed SalahAbouTaleb Lecturer, Industrial Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University

  2. Introduction

  3. Introduction • What are the common characteristics of engineering materials such as physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical? • How they can be processed economically to get the desired product?

  4. Materials

  5. Materials Integration

  6. Metals Why metals are considered as the most important materials? • They have properties that satisfy a wide variety of design requirements. • The metal manufacturing processes have been developed and refined over many years. • Engineers understand metals. • High stiffness and strength - can be alloyed for high rigidity, strength and hardness. • Toughness - capacity to absorb energy. • Good electricity and thermal conductivity. • Cost.

  7. Metals Metals Pure elements Alloying Gold Silver Copper is a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is metallic through alloying, it is possible to increase strength, hardness, and other properties compared to pure metals.

  8. Phase Diagram

  9. Phase Diagram

  10. Ferrous Metals Ferrous metals and alloys are defined asthe materials that contain a large amount of iron. They are used in the majority of metallic applications in current eng. design,

  11. Ferrous Metals

  12. 1. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS Ferrous Materials Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon up to 2.11 % in addition to various elements (or Alloying Elements) in order to improve properties . Steel Cast Iron Cast Iron (C.I.) is an alloys of iron, carbon (1.7% - 6.67%), and silicon (3.5%).

  13. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS I- Cast Iron (CI): • Low cost, • Good casting characteristics, • High compressive strength, • High wear resistance and • Excellent machinability, • Tensile strength from 100 to 200 MPa, • Compressive strength from 400 to 1000 MPa and, • Shear strength is 120 MPa.

  14. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS I- Cast Iron (CI): Gray Cast Iron Ductile (Nodular)Cast Iron Cast Iron Categories White Cast Iron Malleable Cast Iron

  15. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS A- Gray Cast Iron: I- Cast Iron: • Carbon is free in the form of graphite, which exists in the form of flakes. • Good compressive & tensile strength, machinability, and vibration-damping ability • Uses: machine bases, crankshafts, furnace doors, Engine Blocks

  16. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS B- Ductile (Nodular) Cast Iron: I- Cast Iron: • Carbon is free in the form of graphite but it takes nodular or spheroid form. • High fluidity, excellent castability, strength, high toughness, excellent wear resistance, pressure tightness, weldability and higher machinability • Use in gears, cam shaft, crank shaft.

  17. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS C- White Cast Iron: I- Cast Iron: • Carbon exists in the combined form (Cementite). • Very hard; wear resistant, brittle , very difficult to machine, high tensile strength and low compressive strength. • Use in bearing surface, rim of car, and Railway brake blocks.

  18. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS D- Malleable Cast Iron: I- Cast Iron: • It has structure similar to nodular C.I. • It has ductility, strength and shock resistance. • Use in axle bearing, tracks wheels

  19. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS II- Steel: Plain Carbon Steel Low Alloy Steel Steel Categories Stainless Steel Tool & Die Steels

  20. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS A- Plain Carbon Steels: II- Steel: • So-called plain-carbon steel contains up to 0.5% manganese, • Strength increase and ductility reduced with carbon increase.

  21. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS B- Low Alloy Steels (Constructional Steel): II- Steel: • Contains additional alloying elements in amount less than 5% by weight, • Mechanical properties superior than plain carbon steel. • Higher strength, hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. • Used for machine parts highly stressed in tension or compression.

  22. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS C- Stainless Steels (Special Steel) (SS): II- Steel: • High alloyed steel design for corrosion resistant. • Principle alloying element is chromium (> 15%). • Nickel is used to improve corrosion protection. • Is more strength and ductile steel. • Austenitic stainless ‑ typical composition 18% Cr and 8% Ni • Ferritic stainless ‑ about 15% to 20% Cr, low C, and no Ni • Martensitic stainless ‑ as much as 18% Cr but no Ni, higher C content than ferritic stainless

  23. FERROUS MATERIALS AND ALLOYS II- Steel: D- Tool & Die Steels : • High alloy steel. • have great strength, hardness and wear resistance. • High strength, hardness, wear resistance, and toughness under impact • Used to fabricate cutting tool, moulds and dies.

  24. Effect of carbon content on mechanical properties

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