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16.8 Genetic fingerprinting

16.8 Genetic fingerprinting. 10.1 Coordination. Learning outcomes. Success criteria. By the end of this lesson I can: Describe the theory behind genetic fingerprinting Produce a flow diagram of the key stages in the process Make a concept map to summarise the uses of genetic fingerprinting

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16.8 Genetic fingerprinting

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  1. 16.8 Genetic fingerprinting 10.1 Coordination.

  2. Learning outcomes Success criteria By the end of this lesson I can: Describe the theory behind genetic fingerprinting Produce a flow diagram of the key stages in the process Make a concept map to summarise the uses of genetic fingerprinting Answer application style questions about genetic fingerprinting By the end of this lesson I will know: • What genetic fingerprinting is • How genetic fingerprinting is carried out and the results interpreted • What genetic fingerprinting is used for

  3. Genetic fingerprinting - background 95% of the human genome consists of INTRONS (non-coding DNA) E1 Intron E2 CORE SEQUENCE: Repetitive DNA sequence within intron AACAAC...AAC Restriction endonuclease sites • Individuals have a unique pattern of core sequences in their DNA: • The number of different core sequences varies between individuals and... • The length of each core sequence also varies The more closely related two individuals are the more similar their core sequences will be e.g. Identical twins

  4. DNA from the crime Suspects Genetic fingerprinting – basics” Because everyone’s DNA is unique DNA “fingerprinting” can be used for identification: 1) Isolation – DNA is extracted from blood, hair or semen 2) Fragmentation – the DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes 3) Separation – the DNA sections are separated using electrophoresis 4) Comparison – the DNA is compared to a sample from the crime scene

  5. Genetic fingerprinting process • Extraction and digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes • Separation of DNA fragments and southern blotting • Hybridisation of DNA probes to nylon membrane • Development of membrane with • x-ray film TASK: In 4 groups you are going to represent the key stages of the process in a series of diagrams with detailed explanations

  6. Summary questions Answer summary questions 1 and 2 from page 278 of the textbook Answers: • Very small amounts of DNA may be gathered from a crime scene so PCR is used to increase the quantity available for analysis • (a) suspect B was present since genetic fingerprint matches that of the blood (b) The victim’s DNA fingerprint rules out the possibility of blood found having come from them

  7. Uses of genetic fingerprinting • Make a concept map to summarise and explain these different uses of genetic fingerprinting: Paternity tests Identify criminals Testing genetic variability in a population Genetic fingerprinting Medical diagnosis of disease Selective breeding of plants and animals Identify microbes • Refer to information on pages 277-279 of the textbook to help you

  8. Plenary / Homework • Read through the application of genetic fingerprinting on pages 278-279 and answer the application questions

  9. Learning outcomes Success criteria By the end of this lesson I can: Describe the theory behind genetic fingerprinting Produce a flow diagram of the key stages in the process Make a concept map to summarise the uses of genetic fingerprinting Answer application style questions about genetic fingerprinting By the end of this lesson I will know: • What genetic fingerprinting is • How genetic fingerprinting is carried out and the results interpreted • What genetic fingerprinting is used for

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