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Higher Listening

Higher Listening. Baroque Unit. Standard Grade Concepts to remember:. Oratorio Passion Opera Chorale Recitative Tierce de Picardie Aria Overture Homophonic Cadences

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Higher Listening

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  1. Higher Listening Baroque Unit

  2. Standard Grade Concepts to remember: • Oratorio Passion • Opera Chorale • Recitative Tierce de Picardie • Aria Overture • Homophonic Cadences • Polyphonic Ornaments • Melisma Obbligato • Syllabic Chorale Prelude • Antiphonal • Cantata

  3. Higher Baroque Concepts • Augmentation Ornaments • Basso Continuo Real Answer • Chaconne/Passacaglia Ripieno • Concertino Ritornello • Concerto Grosso Suite • Da Capo Aria Tonal Answer • Diminution Chords • French/Italian Overture • Fugue

  4. Developments in Baroque Period • More contrast in texture – Homophonic/Polyphonic • New styles – concerto grosso, chorale prelude, suite • Basso Continuo • Range of ornaments used

  5. Basso Continuo • Vocal music was developed by adding a Basso Continuo. • This is an accompaniment which consists of a bass-line and a harmonic chordal part. • The bass-line was usually played by Cello. • The harmony part was played by a Keyboard instrument – usually Harpsichord or Organ YouTube - Cavalli - il Giasone "Delizie Contente" Michael Chance

  6. The Overture • An Overture is the instrumental piece of music preceding an Opera or Oratorio. • There are two types of Overture: French and Italian. • French – Slow, crisp dotted rhythms – faster section • Italian – Fast – Slow –Fast YouTube - Hasse: Overture "Artaserse" (Italian Overture)

  7. Da Capo Aria • Found in both Opera and Oratorio • It is basically an Aria in Ternary Form. • The A section is not written out again but the player is instructed to go back to the beginning – Da Capo.

  8. The Concerto Grosso • This preceded the Symphony. Don’t confuse with the Concerto! • This consists of Two groups of instruments: • The Ripieno – main group • The Concertino – soloist group • During the concerto grosso, there is often a recurring theme – the Ritornello

  9. The Suite • This is a group of pieces played by more than one instrument. • Chaconne/Passacaglia – Dances in triple time. Based on a ground bass • Other dances include: • Sarabande - Slow, Triple time • Gigue – fast, Compound time • Courante – Moderate, triple time • Allemande – Quadruple time, moderate • Bouree – Duple metre, lively • Minuet – triple time, moderate

  10. Chorale Prelude • The Chorale is a vocal work based on a hymn tune, mainly homophonic texture. • The prelude is the instrumental introduction. • The chorale prelude is usually played on the Organ. YouTube - Brahms Chorale Prelude "Es ist ein Ros' entsprungen" Opus122#8

  11. The Fugue • A complex version of a Canon/Round. • Contrapuntal texture and based on Imitation • Consists of 3 or 4 parts First Section Final section Middle section Episode Episode

  12. First Section of Fugue • Main theme – SUBJECT is first heard • Often a counter melody or COUNTER SUBJECT is heard at the same time Analysis of Bach's g minor fugue BWV 861 by Jose Rodriguez Alvira

  13. Middle Section • This section sees the development of the SUBJECT. • This can be done in many ways including repeating in a different key. (ANSWER) • There are two types of ANSWER: TONAL and REAL • TONAL answer: The SUBJECT is played in the transposed key but changes have been made to the interval • REAL answer: The SUBJECT is played in the transposed key and no changes have been made to the intervals.

  14. Final Section • The SUBJECT returns in it’s original key. • Stressed entries of the SUBJECT which overlap are called STRETTO. • The EPISODES are linking passages between the sections.

  15. Ornaments • There are several types of ornaments to listen for in Baroque music. • Acciaccatura • Appoggiatura • Mordent • Turn • Trill

  16. Augmentation and Diminution • Augmentation - The note values are doubled, giving the effect that the music is slowing down. • Diminution – The note values are halved, giving the effect that the music is getting faster.

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