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Cell-cell Communications in Development

Cell-cell Communications in Development. Induction and Competence. What do we mean by induction? How do we define competence? Where does Pax6 fit in?. Induction and Competence. Where can we observe reciprocal inductions?. Induction and Competence.

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Cell-cell Communications in Development

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  1. Cell-cell Communications in Development

  2. Induction and Competence • What do we mean by induction? • How do we define competence? • Where does Pax6 fit in?

  3. Induction and Competence • Where can we observe reciprocal inductions?

  4. Induction and Competence • What is the difference between instructive and permissive interactions?

  5. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions • How does this diagram illustrate the regional specificity of induction?

  6. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions • How does this experiment illustrate the genetic specificity of induction?

  7. Paracrine Factors in Development • What is the connection between paracrine factors and induction?

  8. Paracrine Factors in Development • How do fibroblast growth factors (FGF’s) induce changes in cells?

  9. Paracrine Factors in Development • What is the Hedgehog family?

  10. Paracrine Factors in Development • The wnt family?

  11. Paracrine Factors in Development • The TGF-β superfamily?

  12. Signal Transduction Pathways • What is involved in signal transduction?

  13. Signal Transduction Pathways • How does the RTK pathway promote cell-cell induction?

  14. Signal Transduction Pathways • What are examples of some specific inductions that use the RTK pathway?

  15. Signal Transduction Pathways • How does the Smad pathway compare with the RTK pathway?

  16. Signal Transduction Pathways • What pathway mediates both the differentiation of blood cells and the formation of milk for lactation?

  17. Signal Transduction Pathways • How can the Wnt pathway mediate cell division? • What are the ramifications of this pathway?

  18. Signal Transduction Pathways • How does the sonic hedgehog paracrine factor influence limb and neural development in vertebrates?

  19. Signal Transduction Pathways • What happens in the absence of sonic hedgehog? • How is cholesterol involved here?

  20. Cell Death Pathways • What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis? • Why is apoptosis critical for development? • What initiates apoptosis?

  21. Cell Death Pathways • What role has C. elegans played in our knowledge of apoptosis?

  22. Juxtacrine Signaling • How is this type of signaling different from paracrine signaling? • signal molecule is a protein that resides in adjacent cell member

  23. Juxtacrine Signaling

  24. Juxtacrine Signaling • Ligand resides in extracellular matrix of signaling cell • fibronectin • laminin • What kinds of receptors are involved?

  25. Juxtacrine Signaling • Gene activation by matrix attachment

  26. Juxtacrine Signaling • signal transmitted from cytoplasm of one cell directly to cytoplasm of second cell • use gap junction

  27. Pathway’s Cross Talk • transcription may require activation of two pathways • one receptor can activate different pathways

  28. Maintaining Differentiation • Transcription factor as its own enhancer

  29. Maintaining Differentiation • Prevent nucleosome formation

  30. Maintaining Differentiation • Autocrine stimulation

  31. Maintaining Differentiation • Paracrine loop

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