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The Microscopic World

The Microscopic World. Microscope Use • Stomata • Protists. I. Using the Microscope. The Microscope (Turn to Page 807) Demonstrate carrying of Microscope. 1 Placing of Microscope on table. 2 Prepare Microscope for use. 4 Draw a Microscope in Notes. Label Parts

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The Microscopic World

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  1. The Microscopic World Microscope Use • Stomata • Protists

  2. I. Using the Microscope • The Microscope (Turn to Page 807) • Demonstrate carrying of Microscope. 1 • Placing of Microscope on table. 2 • Prepare Microscope for use. 4 • Draw a Microscope in Notes. • Label Parts • Define Parts (page 806 will help)

  3. Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Stage Clips http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/mjvl/biology/microscope/parts.gif

  4. Parts of the Compound Microscope • Ocular lens – “Eye piece” magnifies ____ X • Objective lens – • Low Power = _____ X • High Power = _____ X • Revolving Nosepiece – holds the objective lens and can be rotated to change the magnification • Body Tube – maintains the correct distance between the ocular lens and the objective lens • Coarse adjustment knob - Use to make initial focus • Fine adjustment knob – Use to make final focus • Stage – place slide on this platform • Stage clips – hold slide in place • Light – Needed to see through the slide • Arm – Use to carry microscope • Base – Use to carry microscope

  5. How to make a Wet Mount slide for viewing • Obtain/Make a clean slide and cover slip • Place object to view on slide • Use a dropper to place 1 drop on object • Hold coverslip at the edge of the water at a 45° angle. Make sure water adheres along the edge of the coverslip. • Lower coverslip slowly. Goal: No air bubbles! • You can add or take away water during viewing. See Page 807 #6 for an explanation. Movie (How to Use a Microscope, 1989 United Learning)

  6. Microscope Use Lab • Objective: To learn proper use of the microscope and to demonstrate the ability to create working wet mount slides. • Materials: • Microscope • Slide and Coverslip • Dropper and Beaker of water / Iodine & Water • Scissors • Piece of Newspaper • Toothpick

  7. Hypothesis Part A: The Letter “e”. Draw what a newspaper letter “e” might look like magnified with a microscope. Make one written observation of what you may see/learn. ____________________________ ____________________________ Part B: Human Cheek Cells. Draw what Human Cheek Cells might look like magnified with a microscope. Make one written observation of what you may see/learn. _____________________________ _____________________________

  8. Procedure: Part A: The Letter “e”. • Follow Directions for Microscope Use and Making a Wet Mount Slide. • Your object is a letter “e” cut out of a newspaper. • View the letter under Low Power and draw/make observations of what you see. All drawings and observations go in the Data Section. • View the letter under High Power and draw/make observations of what you see. • Clean slide & coverslip and go on to Part B. Part B: Human Cheek Cells. • Same as above substituting cheek cells for letter “e”. • Substitute Iodine/Water for plain water.

  9. Data Part A: The Letter “e”. _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

  10. Data Part B: The Human Cheek Cells _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

  11. Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions Compare/Contrast your Hypothesis Drawings with your Data Drawings. Compare/Contrast your Hypothesis potential observations with your Data observations. Include also: • What surprised you the most. • What interested you the most. • What you learned that you didn’t know before. • What questions did this lab cause you to wonder.

  12. http://sites.actx.edu/~craig_mj/Assets/micro_pictures/microscopy/lettere1.jpghttp://sites.actx.edu/~craig_mj/Assets/micro_pictures/microscopy/lettere1.jpg

  13. http://kilby.sac.on.ca/faculty/gshields/11bio/images/human%20cheek%20cells.jpghttp://kilby.sac.on.ca/faculty/gshields/11bio/images/human%20cheek%20cells.jpg http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%

  14. II. Microscopic Plant World • Prepared Slides of Stems. • Create a Lab to view Monocot vs. Dicot stems. • Include • Objective, Materials, Hypothesis, Procedure, Data, Analysis and Conclusion • Be careful with the prepared slides! • Due Tomorrow, END of class.

  15. http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/public/Final-Images/PL_Final685z_051-http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/public/Final-Images/PL_Final685z_051-

  16. Wet-Mount of Stomata. • Create a Lab to view the Stomata of Plant Leaves. • Include • Objective, Materials, Hypothesis, Procedure, Data, Analysis and Conclusion • Follow Wet-Mount procedure. • DEMO: How to get good stomata! • Due Tomorrow, END of class.

  17. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/L/leaf.gifhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/L/leaf.gif http://res2.agr.gc.ca/publications/ha/graphics/box31A.jpg

  18. III. Protists Clockwise from top left: 1. Amobae of Entamoeba histolytica, the cause of amoebic dysentery in humans; 2. Trypanosoma brucei, a flagellate protozoan causing sleeping sickness in humans; 3. Balantidium coli, a usually harmless ciliate parasite of the intestine of pigs; 4&5. Symbiotic ciliates from the rumen of cattle: one species is completely covered with cilia; the other is naked except for a crown of cilia at the anterior end of the organisms; 6. Babesia sp., an apicomplexan parasite in the red blood cells of an African lion. http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/images/collections/invertebrates/protozoa/LgParasitic.jpg

  19. General Characteristics • Eukaryotic – Cells have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic – Cells do not have a nucleus • Single or Multi-cellular • Producers and Consumers • Fungus-Like = Decomposer Consumers • Plant-Like = Make food through Photosynthesis • Algae • Single Celled are called Phytoplankton • Provide most of the food for water organisms • Provide most of the Earth’s oxygen • Red Algae- Most of the Earth’s seaweeds • Green Algae- Most diverse group of plantlike protists. Movie (Biology: The Science of Life: The Microscopic World, 2002 United Learning)

  20. http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/Plants/Green%20Algae/07.jpghttp://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/Plants/Green%20Algae/07.jpg http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/spirogyra.jpg http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mex/logs/summary/media/algaecollage_600.jpg

  21. Diatoms • Single celled, photosynthesizers and make up phytoplankton • Silica in cell walls makes old diatoms useful as an abrasive in polishes, filters, and toothpaste. • Dinoflagellates • 2 whiplike strands (flagellum) beat to spin them through the water. • Cause red-tides (poison toxic to humans not to the shellfish that eat them…)

  22. http://www.scottcamazine.com/personal/selforganization/haeckel/images/diatoms_A_jpg.jpghttp://www.scottcamazine.com/personal/selforganization/haeckel/images/diatoms_A_jpg.jpg http://www.bhikku.net/archives/03/img/diatoms.JPG

  23. Euglenoids • Single celled and have characteristics of both plants and animals. • Photosynthesize • Low-Light they become consumers • Move like animals by propelling with a flagella. • MOVIE (Biology: The Science of Life: The Microscopic World, 2002 United Learning) Knock, Knock! Who’s There? Euglena. Euglena who? Euglena Do Questions 1-5, Page 249

  24. http://www.infovisual.info/02/img_en/001%20Structure%20of%20a%20euglena.jpghttp://www.infovisual.info/02/img_en/001%20Structure%20of%20a%20euglena.jpg

  25. Animal-Like = Must consume to get food. • Known as Protozoa • Amoeba like • Soft, jellylike protozoan • Found in fresh/salt water, soil, parasites • Highly structured single celled. • Move with pseudopodia (false feet) • Movie Life in a Drop of Water. Rainbow Educational Media. 2001. unitedstreaming. 20 September 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/> • Movie World of the Protozoa, The. United Learning. 1993. unitedstreaming. 20 September 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/> • Feed by engulfing food. Surround it, form a food vacuole and digest the contents into the cytoplasm.

  26. Flagellates • Use flagella to move. • Giardia lamblia – Intestinal Parasite • Humans (Streams/Lakes w/Beaver) • Drink water and they get into you  • Diarrhea and stomach cramps • Symbiosis – one organism lives closely with another organism, and each organism helps the other survive. • Termites and flagellates

  27. http://www.nih.go.jp/niid/para/atlas/images/giardia-trph.jpg http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/giardia_lifecycle.gif http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2036.jpg

  28. Ciliates • Most common complex protozoa • Move by beating back and forth hundred of tiny hairlike cilia. • Paramecium is the best known. • Feed by using cilia to push food into the food passageway • 2 Nuclei. • Macronucleus – controls cell function • Micronucleus – passes DNA on during sexual reproduction Movie  Feeding of Protozoa World of the Protozoa, The. United Learning. 1993. unitedstreaming. 20 September 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>

  29. http://www.op.net/~finklesk/paramecium.gif http://www.ruhr.de/home/mcm/micro/bilder/fotos/paramecium%20caudatum2.jpg

  30. Spore-forming • All are parasitites • Cannot move on their own… • Life cycles involve 2 or more hosts • Plasmodium vivax – causes malaria http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Plasmodium_vivax.jpg http://post.queensu.ca/~forsdyke/images/pfalcip04.gif

  31. Reproduction of Protists • Asexual – offspring come from just one parent • Fission • Amoeba and Euglena • Sexual – requires 2 parents • Paramecium – Conjugation • 2 paramecium join and exchange DNA • They then divide to make 4 new organisms • Many protists reproduce both asexually and sexually. • Movie World of the Protozoa, The. United Learning. 1993. unitedstreaming. 20 September 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/> Do Questions 1-3, Page 254.

  32. Live Protist Lab: • Create a Lab to view: • Euglena • Amoeba • Paramecium • Include • Objective, Materials, Hypothesis, Procedure, Data, Analysis and Conclusion • Follow Wet-Mount procedure. (ProtoSlo) • Due 2 Days from today, END of class.

  33. http://comp.uark.edu/~karbuck/microscope-boxed.gif

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