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The cilium 1 microscopic structure. NSCT. The Cilium 2 intracellular trafficking. NSCT. photoreceptor. Glucose transport. Smooth muscle. cilium. cochlea. Organ fibrosis in Alström syndrome. NSCT. Improvements with surgery. https://weightloss.clevelandclinic.org/images/Reduction3.gif.
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photoreceptor Glucose transport Smooth muscle cilium cochlea
Improvements with surgery https://weightloss.clevelandclinic.org/images/Reduction3.gif
CARNITINE ACYL TRANSFERASE TCA CYCLE INSULIN EFFECTS ON INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM PLASMA HEPATOCYTE PLASMA LACTATE GLYCOGEN PYRUVATE PHOSPHORYLASE GLYCOGEN SYNTH రర GLUCONEOGENESIS GLUCOSE GLUCOKINASE FRUCTOSE 6 PHOS GLYCOLYSIS INSULIN SENSITIVE LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE GLUT RECEPTOR PYRUVATE VLDL CHOLESTEROL FA + GLYCEROL LDL MELONYL FATTY ACIDS HMG CoA ACETYL CoA CoA MEVALONIC ACID REDUCTASE TG HDL VLDL TRIGLYCERIDE KETONE BODIES ADIPOCYTE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION 30ATP INSULIN SENSITIVE MITOCHONDRION
Within family diabetes trend progression remission
Ingestion of food • Glucose dependent • Insulin from beta cells(GLP-1 and GIP) Insulinincreases peripheral glucose uptake GI tract Pancreas Release of incretin gut hormones Beta cells Alpha cells Active GLP-1 and GIP Increased insulin and decreasedglucagon reduce hepatic glucose output • Glucagon from alpha cells (GLP-1)Glucose dependent Incretins and glycaemic control7,8 Bloodglucose control DPP-4enzyme rapidly degrades incretins NSCT Adapted from 7. Drucker DJ. Cell Metab. 2006;3:153–165. 8. Miller S, St Onge EL. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:1336-1343.
Organ fibrosis in Alström syndrome Transplant, Valve dysfunction ?prevention, TIPS, partial transplant transplant NSCT
Coronary artery disease Duplex-PVD Diabetes Renal dysfunction High lipids hypertension Carotid atheroma NSCT PVD
What diet? What Exercise? Reduced carbohydrate Bespoke Weight training Horse riding Walking Swimming Cycling Dancing NSCT