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Western Europe

Western Europe. Early Medieval Society after the fall of Western Roman Empire. Decentralized. Economically (manorialism) and politically (feudalism) Loss of classical traditions & culture Little travel, trade and exchange.

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Western Europe

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  1. Western Europe Early Medieval Society after the fall of Western Roman Empire

  2. Decentralized • Economically (manorialism) and politically (feudalism) • Loss of classical traditions & culture • Little travel, trade and exchange

  3. Manorialismmanor -self sufficient farm/estateserfs- bound peasantsthree field system

  4. Feudalism (from Latin for grant of land) • System of obligations and allegiances based on military service that serves as decentralized government

  5. Fiefs – each held by a lord

  6. Lords & Vassals • lord responsible for • granting the fief • providing leadership • providing justice • providing protection against other powers

  7. Vassal’s duties: • homage: formal act of submission to lord. • fealty: sworn pledge of loyalty to uphold interests of lord.

  8. suit to court: requirement to convene at lord's residence to conduct business and to decide military, judicial and political matters. • military service • aids: material or financial assistance due to lord when required at certain times. These were not regular taxes.

  9. Subinfeudation- oh, the complication!

  10. Medieval Church • Institution that survived imperial collapse • Hierarchical – pope------- • Growth in power - took on characteristics of a government: • Laws - canon • Taxes - tithe • courts - • All under pope (growing power)

  11. Conflicts between growing power of kings & growing power of church • Church Courts & clerical immunity • Henry II vs. Pope -- England • Thomas Becket • Lay investiture • Henry IV vs. Pope -- HRE • going to Canova

  12. Secular clergy – dealt with the outside world • Pope – cardinals – archbishop – bishop • Priests • Monasticism – purpose? • Regular clergy – secluded; lived “regulated” life - monks & nuns • Benedictine rule: poverty, chastity & obedience

  13. Germanic tribes try to create order • Franks - • Clovis unifies the Frankish tribes • Clovis adopts Christianity • Charles Martel - halts Muslim advance in France (Battle of Tours) • Charles the Great - Charlemagne • Introduces a feudal structure;

  14. Angles & Saxons • Invade Roman Britain • Small principalities/ kingdoms • Attacks by Vikings (Danes) • Alfred the Great • Becomes “high King” to defeat the Danes

  15. More unified kingdoms emerge • 10th c. • Otto the Great – Holy Roman Empire • Hugh Capet – France • 11th c. • William of Normandy – 1066 England; Impact? Significance?

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