Define Land Management Goals

1. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals

2. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals • A few examples: • Provide grazing areas • Preserve wilderness • Provide recreation • Manage for timber production • Support multiple uses

3. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals • A few examples: • Provide grazing areas • Preserve wilderness • Provide recreation • Manage for timber production • Support multiple uses *Knowing what the land will be managed for is a critical step in defining your NIS management objectives (the next step in the process). Not all management goals require the same level or type of NIS management.

4. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals Define NIS Management Objectives

5. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals Define NIS Management Objectives • A few examples: • Eradicate all NIS • Prevent spread of existing • NIS populations • Remove NIS harmful to livestock • Remove NIS harmful to tree • seedlings

6. Defining Your Goals Define Land Management Goals Define NIS Management Objectives • A few examples: • Eradicate all NIS • Prevent spread of existing • NIS populations • Remove NIS harmful to livestock • Remove NIS harmful to tree • seedlings *Defining NIS management objectives helps you rank the NIS in your area for priority of management. Some will need to be managed, and others might not be. Knowing this will help you determine which species you need to look for in your survey and will save time and effort. For a more in-depth discussion of defining your goals, and ranking your NIS click here!

7. Conducting a Survey Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory

8. Conducting a Survey Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Some definitions: NIS Inventory = A complete examination, or census, of a geographic area for the presence of NIS. With this method, every part of the area is examined for the presence of NIS (i.e. every square meter is examined). This is generally only possible for smaller areas, such as specific pastures or parcels of land.

9. Conducting a Survey Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Some definitions: NIS Inventory = A complete examination of a geographic area for the presence of NIS. With this method, every part of the area is examined for the presence of NIS. This is generally only possible for smaller areas, such as specific pastures or parcels of land. NIS Survey = A partial examination of a geographic area for the presence of NIS. This method is used when the geographic area of interest is large and an inventory is impossible. However, a good survey, that represents all aspects of your area, will allow you to create a Probability of Occurrence (PO) map of the NIS, and thus prioritize management and determine monitoring needs. To learn more about how to conduct a good NIS Survey and ensure that you cover all aspects of your area, click here!

10. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage

11. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage What does a probability of occurrence map tell you?

12. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage The map on the left is an example of a probability of occurrence map for an single NIS. Notice the green to red color gradient on the map. Reserve Boundary Survey Area Boundary NIS Found During Survey

13. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage This color gradient is used to symbolize the probability of occurrence of the NIS, from blue (0 = 0% probability of occurrence) to red (1 = 100% probability of occurrence) Probability of Occurrence 1 0

14. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage This means that you are more likely to find the NIS in areas indicated by warm colors on the map than in those indicated by cool colors. Probability of Occurrence 1 0

15. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage • What does a probability of occurrence map tell you? • It tells you where you are more likely to find the NIS you are interested in monitoring or managing. • In the previous map, remember that the black dots show where a particular species was found during the survey. Notice that there are more black dots where the colors are warmer – as you would expect.

16. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage • What does a probability of occurrence map tell you? • It tells you where you are more likely to find the NIS you are interested in monitoring or managing. • For management, this allows you to prioritize and plan management activities based on where the NIS is likely to be most prevalent (the warm colored areas).

17. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage • What does a probability of occurrence map tell you? • It can also tell you what habitat characteristics are most related to the NIS’s current distribution.

18. Creating a Probability of Occurrence Map Conduct NIS Survey or Inventory Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage • What does a probability of occurrence map tell you? • It can also tell you what habitat characteristics are most related to the NIS’s current distribution. • For monitoring purposes, this allows you to study the impact and invasiveness of the NIS across a gradient of habitat/environmental suitability. • For management, this might allow you to manage the habitat in a way that would make it less suitable for the NIS.

19. Monitoring and Managing the NIS Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage Monitor for Population Invasiveness Monitor for New Populations • With a PO map, you can monitor for new populations in areas of higher probability that you haven’t generally visited. • You can also choose existing populations to monitor for invasiveness across a gradient of habitat suitability. The following slides explain this in more detail but an important point to remember is that where NIS are being most invasive, they are also likely having the most negative impact the parts of the community you care about.

20. Monitoring and Managing the NIS Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage Monitor for Population Invasiveness Monitor for New Populations Population not invasive Population invasive Monitor for Impacts on Env. Or Mngt. goals

21. Monitoring and Managing the NIS Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage Monitor for Population Invasiveness Monitor for New Populations Population not invasive Population invasive Monitor for Impacts on Env. Or Mngt. goals A population of a NIS may or may not be invasive (increasing in density and/or spatial extent). If invasive, monitor for impacts on the surrounding community/environment as this may effect your management goals. If not the population is not invasive it is best to monitor at longer time intervals to see if this changes in the future.

22. Monitoring and Managing the NIS Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage Monitor for Population Invasiveness Monitor for New Populations Population not invasive Population invasive Monitor for Impacts on Env. Or Mngt. goals No impacts Impacts Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices

23. Monitoring and Managing the NIS Create Probability of Occurrence Maps/ Locate Populations to Monitor and Manage Monitor for Population Invasiveness Monitor for New Populations Population not invasive An invasive NIS may or may not have impacts on the environment and/or your management goals. If impacts are present, management or control should be initiated on a small scale, and the effects on the NIS and other organisms should be monitored. Population invasive Monitor for Impacts on Env. Or Mngt. goals No impacts Impacts Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices

24. Evaluating and Prioritizing Management Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices Management ineffective or large off target impact Management effective Prioritize Populations for Management

25. Evaluating and Prioritizing Management Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices Management ineffective or large off target impact Management effective Prioritize Populations for Management Management may or may not be effective. In addition, management may cause harmful off-target impacts (reducing native species diversity, harming a species you are trying to protect). If management is effective, you can now prioritize populations for management based on your PO map. If management is ineffective, and/or there are off target impacts, other management/control practices should be investigated.It is probable that management effectiveness will change along the gradient – meaning managing only areas above a certain probability of occurrence value (as shown by the color bar on your map) may be best.

26. Evaluating and Prioritizing Management Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices Management ineffective or large off target impact Management effective Prioritize Populations for Management After populations have been prioritized, management can be implemented on a large scale across your management area. Implement Management

27. Evaluating and Prioritizing Management Evaluate Different Control or Management Practices Management ineffective or large off target impact Management effective Over time, management may become more or less necessary, or the management goals for an area may change. To avoid wasting time and/or resources, this should be evaluated and populations re-prioritized for management if necessary. Prioritize Populations for Management Review & Modify Management Practices, Objectives & Goals Implement Management

28. The Big Picture