Biology Chapter 3 Cellular Structure and Function

1. Biology Chapter 3Cellular Structure and Function

2. KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. Bacterium Macrophage

3. 3-1 Objectives • Discuss how early scientists led to the development of the cell theory • Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

4. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Five scientists (and others) responsible for Cell Theory • Microscope was invented in 1600’s

5. In 1665, English scientist, Robert Hooke was the first to see and name cells • Saw little boxes in slice of cork that reminded him of small rooms in which monks lived

6. In 1675, Dutch scientist, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, first to see living cells

7. Leeuwenhoek’s microscope discovers Spirogyra, a single-celled organism Notice the chloroplast spirals of this pond algae!

8. In 1838, German scientist, Matthias Schleiden, stated all PLANTS and plant parts are composed of cells Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

9. In 1839, German scientist, Theodor Schwann, stated all ANIMALS and animal organs are composed of cells Nerve cells in your brain

10. In 1858, German scientist, Rudolph Virchow, stated all cells come only from existing cells (NOT spontaneous generation) First to see leukemia cells (in purple)

11. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. • Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. • The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

12. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. • The Cell theory has three principles. • All organisms are made of cells.

13. The Cell theory has three principles. • All organisms are made of cells. • All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

14. The Cell theory has three principles. • All organisms are made of cells. • All existing cells are produced by other living cells. • The cell is the most basic unit of life.

15. Cell Discovery and Theory • Light microscopes utilize series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify images • Magnifies living or nonliving things up to 2,000 times actual size Mite

16. Electron microscopes utilize magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image • Magnifies images up to 500,000 times actual size • Spider leg --- inspiration for making post-it notes

17. Transmission electron microcsope(TEM) - electrons pass through a specimen • Can reveal a cell’s internal structure • Only use dead specimens Inside of a plant cell

18. TEM Micrographs of Viruses Ebola virus Bacteriophage virus

19. Scanning eletron microscope (SEM)- electrons bounce off a specimen coated in metal Fly Head and Leg • Forms 3-D image of specimen • Only nonliving samples can be used

20. Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) • Charged tip of probe allows electrons to “tunnel” through small gaps in specimens Silicon Atom • Computer generated 3-D images created • Living objects (DNA) and atoms can be viewed

21. Stadium shaped corral made by iron atoms on a copper surface STM Surface of Platinum STM Image of DNA

22. Stereoscope (10x – 30x) • Magnify objects through which light cannot pass Red Algae

23. Two basic cell types (see activity)

24. Quick Quiz Time • Each question will be worth 2 points • You may NOT talk and/or communicate with a classmate • Scores will be collected and recorded at the end of the chapter

25. A. Magnifying glassB. Electron MicroscopeC. EyeglassesD. Compound Microscope • 1. Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?

26. A. All existing cells form by free- cell formationB. All cells are eukaryoticC. all existing cells are produced by other living cellsD. all cells have a nucleus • 2. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and

27. A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. scanning tunneling electron microscope D. Compound light microscope • 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image?

28. Trade your paper with a non-lab partner

29. A. Magnifying glassB. Electron MicroscopeC. EyeglassesD. Compound Microscope • 1. Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?

30. A. All existing cells form by free- cell formationB. All cells are eukaryoticC. all existing cells are produced by other living cellsD. all cells have a nucleus • 2. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and

31. A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. scanning tunneling electron microscope D. Compound light microscope • 3. Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image?

32. End of show

33. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics.

34. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic.

35. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic. • All cells are enclosed by a membrane.

36. cell membrane cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. • All cells share certain characteristics. • Cells tend to be microscopic. • All cells are enclosed by a membrane. • All cells are filled with cytoplasm.

37. There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

38. nucleus cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

39. nucleus organelles cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane- bound organelles.

40. nucleus organelles cell membrane • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

41. nucleus organelles cell membrane cytoplasm • There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.