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MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, and LATINO COMMUNITIES

MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, and LATINO COMMUNITIES. REVISED SCHEDULE. February 2: Drug Trafficking Talons, ch. 8 DFC, chs. 2 and 9 (Mexico and Colombia) February 9: Migration Talons, ch. 8 [again] DFC, chs. 4-5 (Central America + Caribbean) CR #6 (ExMex)

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MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, and LATINO COMMUNITIES

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  1. MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, andLATINO COMMUNITIES

  2. REVISED SCHEDULE • February 2: Drug Trafficking • Talons, ch. 8 • DFC, chs. 2 and 9 (Mexico and Colombia) • February 9: Migration • Talons, ch. 8 [again] • DFC, chs. 4-5 (Central America + Caribbean) • CR #6 (ExMex) • February 16: Mexico’s War on Drugs • CR # 5 (DTOs in Mexico) • February 23: War on Terror • Talons, ch.10 • DFC, chs. 1, 3 • March 02: Opportunity for Latin America • Talons, ch. 10-11 • DFC, chs. 6-8, 11 • March 09: Obama and Latin America • Talons, chs. 11-12 + Conclusion • CR #7 (Obama and the Americas)

  3. I. PATTERNS OF MIGRATION INTRODUCTION THE NUMBERS GAME(S) • Flows • Stocks • Proportions • Costs and benefits • Rates of assimilation

  4. READING • Smith, Talons, ch. 8 [again] • Dominguez and Fernandez de Castro, chapters 2, 4, 5 (Mexico, Central America, Caribbean) • Jorge Castañeda, ExMex: From Migrants to Immigrants, ch. 8 (Course Reader # 6)

  5. EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES • Ethnicity vs. melting pots • Diversity vs. tradition • Fairness vs. efficiency • NAFTA AND MEXICAN MIGRATION • Claims and expectations • Preliminary realities • Hypotheses and prognostications

  6. NUMERICAL DIMENSIONS • ~12 million illegal immigrants in U.S. • 55-60% from Mexico • 25% of Mexico’s able-bodied male workforce now in U.S. • U.S.-Mexican wage ratio~ 8:1 or 10:1

  7. Mexican-Origin Population in United States, 1900-2003 Mx-born (9.9)

  8. Regional Origin of Mexican Migrants

  9. Geographical Concentration of Mexican Migrants

  10. Remittances to Mexico, 1990-2003

  11. BORDER PATROL AGENTS

  12. EFFECTS 0F BORDER ENFORCEMENT • 1. Shifting routes (toward Arizona) • 2. Increased use of polleros (smugglers) • 3. Reduced “circularity” (more permanent stays) • 4. More women and families • 5. Increased loss of life

  13. Deaths at the Border • 2001 = 528 • 2002 = 470 • 2003 = 478 • 2004 = 460 • 2005 > 500

  14. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS • Economic threat? • September 2000 = 38% agreed • March 2006 = 52% • Cultural threat? • Societal threat?

  15. MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS • Context: joblessness everywhere • New entries down (not due to border enforcement, since 95% of migrants without papers get through) • Return migration stable (despite concern in Mexico about major increase) • Within USA, unemployment among Latino men > Anglo men

  16. THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: • LEGAL MIGRATION • Revise legal quotas • Revise criteria for entry • THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: • ILLEGAL MIGRATION • Strategies for restriction: • Building fences • Blocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper) • Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop 187) • Punishing employers

  17. Strategies for opening: • Augmenting quotas • Guest-worker programs • Eliminating barriers • Strategies for reduction: • Targeting economic development • Circulating information • Additional steps?

  18. Initiatives on Migration: • Phase 1: The Whole Enchilada (January-September 11, 2001) • Phase 2: Focus on Security • Phase 3: The Second Term • Temporary amnesty for those here and employed • Guest-worker program • Eventual path to citizenship • Phase 4: Barack Obama?

  19. What Would You Do?

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