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CSD 5100 Introduction to Research Methods in CSD

CSD 5100 Introduction to Research Methods in CSD. The Introduction Section. Goals of the Introduction. Introduce the problem start strong Develop the background demonstrate some logical connection between the previous literature and the present study

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CSD 5100 Introduction to Research Methods in CSD

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  1. CSD 5100Introduction to Research Methods in CSD The Introduction Section

  2. Goals of the Introduction Introduce the problem start strong Develop the background demonstrate some logical connection between the previous literature and the present study State the purpose and rationale of the study statement of the hypothesis or a list of the questions the study expects to answer

  3. An Example… 1989 JSHD publication by S.E. Sedory, S.L. Hamlet, and N.P. Connor Comparisons of Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Tracheoesophageal and Excellent Esophageal Speech Their introduction is just 4 (!!!) paragraphs long…

  4. Ripping Apart Here is the first sentence of their introduction: “With the development of the tracheoesophageal puncture technique (Singer & Blom, 1980), tracheoesophageal speech has become a widely used method of alaryngeal voice rehabilitation.”

  5. Finishing out the First Paragraph.. Here’s the rest of the first paragraph of the introduction… “TE speech is achieved when pulmonary air is directed through a prosthesis into the upper esophagus to vibrate the pharyngo-esophageal segment and produce voice. This replaces the need to insufflate the esophagus as in conventional esophageal speech and provides the TE speaker with an increased capacity to support his speech with the respiratory system.”

  6. The Second Paragraph… Here’s the first sentence… “As the number of TE speakers has increased, investigators have begun to define the acoustic characteristics of TE speech and to compare such properties with those of normal and esophageal speech.”

  7. The Next Two Sentences… “TE speakers sustain phonation longer, produce more syllables per breath or insufflation, maintain faster speaking rates with less pause time and speak with greater intensity than conventional esophageal speakers (Baggs & Pine, 1983; Robbins, Fisher, Blom, & Singer, 1984; Wetmore, Krueger, & Weston, 1981). In addition, TE speech and conventional esophageal speech have also been differentiated by jitter ratio, mean shimmer, and percentage of periodicity (Robbins, 1984).”

  8. The End of the Second Paragraph.. Here’s the last sentence in the paragraph.. “These studies suggest that the differentiating acoustic variables may affect intelligibility and acceptability of esophageal and TE speech and could be considered when developing therapeutic objectives.”

  9. The Short Third Paragraph.. “Only a small number of investigators have attempted to examine whether there are differences in listener perceptions of randomly selected TE and conventional esophageal speech. Williams and Watson (1987) found the naïve listeners rated esophageal and TE speakers differently on quality/extraneous noise, visual presentation, speaking rate, pitch, loudness, and intelligibility/overall communicative effectiveness. Dudley (1984) found no significant difference in the intelligibility of conventional esophageal speech and TE speech.”

  10. The Crucial Final Paragraph.. Follow the logic here.. “Several investigators have described TE speech as often perceptually equal to or better than superior conventional esophageal speech (Singer, Blom, & Hamaker, 1981; Wood, Tucker, Rusnov, & Levine, 1981). However, to date there have been no published reports that objectively define perceptual differences between TE and excellent esophageal speech. Moreover, no published studies have compared the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of these two speech types. Such objective information would be valuable to SLPs and ENTs considering TEP surgery for their laryngectomized patients.”

  11. Statement of the Research Problem.. “This study was undertaken to directly assess the relationship between selected acoustic measures and perceptual judgments of acceptability of TE speech and excellent esophageal speech.”

  12. The Four Major Components to the Introduction General statement of the problem: Do the researchers set forth the topic of the article, including the major variables and the target population? Does the general statement of the problem lend a perspective to the specific purpose, method, and results to make the conclusions meaningful?

  13. The Four Major Components to the Introduction The rationale for the study: Do the authors justify the selection of the variables studied with the specific population? Is the need for the research clearly presented? Are the arguments presented logical? Are you convinced of the value of the study?

  14. The Four Major Components to the Introduction The review of the literature: In a research paper, the lit review isn’t a separate part of an introduction, but is the fabric from which the statement of the problem and rationale are woven. Do the references cited document the need for the study and help put the research into context or historical perspective?

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