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Chapter 18 Section 4

Chapter 18 Section 4. Two Nations Live on the Edge. Atomic Bomb Splits Atoms. Race for the H-Bomb. Many questioned the morality of creating such a weapon Oppenheimer opposed this project. Race for the H-Bomb. Politicians and the military pressed for a more powerful weapon.

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Chapter 18 Section 4

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  1. Chapter 18 Section 4 Two Nations Live on the Edge

  2. Atomic Bomb Splits Atoms Race for the H-Bomb

  3. Many questioned the morality of creating such a weapon Oppenheimer opposed this project Race for the H-Bomb

  4. Politicians and the military pressed for a more powerful weapon Race for the H-Bomb

  5. 11/1/52- US explodes the 1st H-Bomb 10 times more powerful than they thought it would be Race for the H-Bomb

  6. Dwight Eisenhower now President Brinkmanship

  7. Dulles proposed a new policy – the US would keep peace by promising to use all its force – including nuclear weapons- against an aggressor nation Brinkmanship

  8. This policy placed more importance on nuclear weapons – and the planes that delivered them Brinkmanship

  9. Arms race begins Soviets respond by building more of their own nuclear weapons Brinkmanship

  10. National defense now dependent on nuclear arms Cold War Spreads Around the World

  11. Cold War Spreads Around the World • CIA used spies to gather information • Carried out covert actions • Secret operations • In attempts to overthrow governmets unfriendly to the US

  12. Eisenhower equated Soviet leadership to totalitarian dictatorship of WWII Covert Actions

  13. 1951 Iran- Prime Minister placed oil industry under govmt control Covert Actions – Middle East

  14. 1953-CIA urged Shah(King) of Iran to replace Iranian PM with someone pro-western Covert Actions – Middle East

  15. 1954- Eisenhower believed Guatemala had communist sympathies Covert Actions – Guatemala

  16. In response CIA trained army Invaded Guatemala Covert Actions – Guatemala

  17. US/Soviet relations seemed to improve after the death of Stalin in 1953 A Summit in Geneva

  18. A Summit in Geneva • However… • Soviets grew fearful when W. Germany re-armed and joined NATO • Formed its own military alliance-Warsaw Pact-w/ Eastern European satellite nations

  19. July 1955-Eisenhower traveled to Geneva, Switzerland A Summit in Geneva

  20. Eisenhower proposed an “open skies” policy US& Soviet Union would allow flight over each other’s territory A Summit in Geneva

  21. Summit accomplished nothing specific A Summit in Geneva

  22. Cold War affected the Middle east as well as Europe http://www.history.com/video.do?name=militaryhistory&bcpid=1681694250&bclid=1729287263&bctid=1606750284 Crisis in the Middle East

  23. Gamal Nasser, head of Egypt, began to strengthen his ties with communist nations Crisis in the Middle East

  24. British & French angry Crisis in the Middle East

  25. Soviets threaten to launch missiles against Britain and France Crisis in the Middle East

  26. Nikita Khrushchev new leader of Soviet Union Soviet Aggression in Hungary

  27. People wondered if Khrushchev was going to be less repressive Soviet Aggression in Hungary

  28. Hungary was an example Leaders were debating about how much freedom to grant Hungary Soviet Aggression in Hungary

  29. Hungary wanted out of the Warsaw Pact Soviets respond brutally Soviet Aggression in Hungary

  30. Eisenhower offered no military aid Protested the invasion Soviet Aggression in Hungary

  31. Soviet prestige grew in middle east due to support of Egypt Eisenhower Doctrine

  32. 1957-US thought they were ahead of the Soviets in military technology Cold War Takes to the Skies

  33. 10/4/57- Soviets use an ICMB to launch the 1st unmanned satellite out of Earth’s atmosphere Sputnik traveled 18,000 miles/hr Sputnik Launches the Space Race

  34. Americans felt vulnerable to nuclear attack Sputnik Launches the Space Race

  35. American scientists frantically tried to catch up Sputnik Launches the Space Race

  36. CIA was making high altitude flights over SU U2 is Shot Down

  37. Eisenhower wanted flights discontinued Was afraid that if one was shot down if would hurt US/Soviet relations U2 is Shot Down

  38. May 1, 1960- US spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers shot down over Soviet territory U2 is Shot Down

  39. Shot down 1,300 miles deep in Soviet Territory Powers was captured alive U2 is Shot Down

  40. Denounced Eisenhower at what was supposed to be a second peace summit at Geneva-then left Khrushchev Denounces Eisenhower

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