Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?

2. 孟母三迁

3. Discussion • Discuss the relationship between children and their environment with regard to their personal development.

4. Mention ill-mannered children and most people roll their eyesat the memory of a little hellion and his boorish parents. I still get angry about an incident that happened last summer.

5. Roll one’s eyes: become annoyed or disagree Marta rolled her eyes as Will started to tell another stupid joke. 威尔开始讲另一个无聊的笑话时，玛塔表现出不耐烦。 When he suggested they should buy a new car, she rolled her eyes in disbelief. 他说他们应该买一辆新车时，她满是怀疑。 She rolled her eyes in disbelief at his suggestion that they should buy a new car.

6. Most people rolled their eyes at the memory of a little hellion. When they recalled a little hellion, most people rolled their eyes. He felt disappointed whenever he thought that I wouldn't go with him. He felt disappointed at the thought that I wouldn’t go with him.

7. He couldn’t help being proud when he saw the prize he had won. He couldn’t help being proud at the sight of the prize he had won. He flew into rage when I suggested that he give up his plan. He flew into rage at my suggestion of his giving up his plan.

8. Retell the story • Retell the incident described from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3 in 4 to 5 sentences.

9. rapt: (of attention) complete 带着着迷的敬意聆听讲演者 listened to the speaker with rapt admiration. There was a rapt look on his face whenever he looked at his sweetheart. 他看着他的恋人时，总是露出醉人的样子。 She sat with a rapt expression reading her book. 她坐在那里全神贯注地读着书。 I haven’t been following the conversation with rapt attention. 我没有全神贯注地听他们讲什么。

10. Para. 3: facility: 1. equipment 2. talent, ability 厨房里有烹饪设备。 There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen. Are there washing facilities in the school? 学校里有洗涤设备吗？ He has great facility in learning languages. 他有学语言的天赋。 Her facility with / in languages is surprising. 她在语言方面的才能令人吃惊。 He showed great facility in performing task. 他工作很熟练。

11. Para. 4: seemingly He was seemingly untroubled by the recent problems. 他似乎没有受到近来的麻烦影响。 They were seemingly unaware of the decision. 他们似乎不知道这个决定。

12. Be consumed with: be absorbed with, be overcome by In his final days, he was consumed with lung disease. 在他的晚年，他被肺病折磨得皮包骨头。 I was consumed with the assignment given to me by my boss. 我被老板指定给我得任务搞得焦头烂额。 He was consumed with guilt after theaccident. 事故之后，他被内疚感搞得心神不定。

13. The assault on manners doesn’t just come in the form of comic relief. Witness the abominable display last September of Baltimore Orioles second baseman Roberto Alomar, who spat in the face of umpire John Hirschbeck before millions of fans.

14. judge, arbitrator, arbiter, referee, umpire A judge is one capable of making rational, dispassionate, and wise decisions An arbitrator works to settle controversies and is either appointed or derives authority from the consent of the disputants, who choose him or her or approve the selection. An arbiter is one who may or may not have official status but whose opinion or judgment is recognized as being unassailable or binding. A referee is an attorney appointed by a court to make a determination of a case or to investigate and report on it An umpire is a person appointed to settle an issue that arbitrators are unable to resolve. In sports referee and umpire refer to officials who enforce the rules and settle points at issue.

15. Para. 7: assessment The critic’s assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written. This is an interesting assessment of Mark Twain’s importance in American literature. Synonyms: evaluation estimation appraisal

16. Abbreviations of US States • Para. 8: Leann Aykut of Scottsdale, Ariz. • Para. 21: Ellen Weeks, 15, of West Hartford,Conn. • Para. 23: The mother of two in Weston, W. Va. • Para. 27: The Dickmeyers of Carmel. Ind. Arizona Connecticut West Virginia Indiana

17. Para. 11 Many parents seem to have adopted the attitude “My child, right or wrong” —with devastating results. Many parents believe that their child is always right, and that usually leads to terrible results. Parents who can’t accept when their child isn’t No. 1 send the message that when you’re frustrated, you blame the source of frustration instead of looking for a way to cope. When parents find that their child loses, they often tell their child to blame the person who caused the loss, but not to help the child o find a way out.

18. Para. 15 prompt: cause to tell (someone) to say or do sth. The accident prompted her to renew her insurance 这次事故促使她续签了保险。 The recent worries over the president’s health have prompted speculation over his political future. 近来关于总统健康状况的担心引发了对他政治前途的猜测。

19. Para. 16 Most parents have said these things to their children. They’re meant to correct behavior. What does “They” refer to? Parents’ sayings

20. Para. 17 Because rude behavior in children is more often the result of thoughtlessness than of deliberate aggression. Criticism, name-calling and orders only make a child angry and defensive. They reinforce the notion that the child is incapable of good behavior without coercion. What does “They” refer to? Criticism, name-calling and orders

21. Para. 20 • Get your elbows off the table It is impolite to put the elbows on the table while having a meal. What other table manners do you know in the West? Tell us some Chinese table manners.

22. 1. It is not our desire to be , but the status quo cannot continue. Neither can the present standoff, without the danger of a more serious confrontation that nobody wants. provocative

23. 2. Like all derivatives, they function, essentially, as bets n the direction of particular markets. So coveted is such insurance that the total face amount – or “ value ” – of swaps and similar contracts has soared to an astronomical $11 trillion. notional

24. 3. Annoyed, shareholders have moved to such abuses – just as they have moved to remove a number of CEOs in recent months. curb

25. 4. The day was star-crossed, Friday, the 13th in the month of October, on the eve of the second anniversary of a market crash. devastating

26. 5. In a(n) demonstration of the mistreatment of recruits and their meager food rations, in March 1993 four sailors on Russky Island in the Far East died of malnutrition. appalling

27. 6. Even more interesting, from a business , is the so-called intranet – the collection of networks that connect computers within corporations – that both Sun and Microsoft have targeted as a rich area for growth. perspective

28. 7. She was at times less successful winning over her at the U.N., who, like Napoleon’s army, ravels on its stomach. counterpart

29. 8. Members of the NASA-led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the . fray

30. 9. Finally some officers arrived and the explosive situation, and just a handful of the lives that went up in that particular bonfire were saved. defuse

31. 10. It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes when his efforts appear to produce less obvious results. frustrated

32. Translation • Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangers of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old Word of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.

33. Translation • Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. expose A to B: 将 A 暴露给 B scrutiny: 检查 underwrite: 划底线 财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业发展的基础。

34. Translation • In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangers of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. instrument ：工具，手段 morality：道德 an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality: 揭示对方社会准则和道德标准的工具 19世纪末，有人认为，在海外的美国人象征着暴富的危险，宣扬他们的社会准则和道德标准。

35. Translation • Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. boasting: 吹牛，吹嘘 vulgarity：低俗 obsessive acquisitiveness：令人着迷的，贪婪 insensitivity：不敏感 自吹自擂、粗俗鲁莽、贪得无厌、麻木不仁很快就成了早期的丑陋美国人的特征。

36. Translation • Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. prodigality：浪费 wallets and purses: 钱包 这些在海外旅行的只是一小部分美国人，但在许多外国人眼里似乎代表着整个国家，他们花钱如水，腰包里有花不完的钱，这才看起来是最危险的。

37. Translation • American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well. loot：抢夺 celebrity：有名的人，有名的东西 relic：遗迹，遗物 invade：入侵 美钞来势凶猛，大有把欧洲的历史宝藏洗劫一空之势，而同样地，无孔不入的古玩狩猎者和古董收藏者则极大搅乱了欧洲人的私人生活。

38. Writing • 1. In today’s world there is a lack of good manners. • 2.  What are the reasons for the lack of good manners? • 3.   Manners are of vital importance.

39. Paragraph 1: Lack of good manners • Bus: Occupy the seats assigned to the weak • Shop: Do not thank people when they have offered services • Home: Turn on TV to watch cartoons while a guest is still there

40. Paragraph 2: Reasons • Lack of education on manners both at home and school • At home: parents are too busy with work and household task They are more concerned about the kid’s academic achievement • At school: good pupils are judged on the basis of scores

41. Paragraph 3: Importance • For peaceful development Crowdedness with such a large population Peaceful competition for continuous development