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Ch 1 Introduction to Matter

Delve into the fundamental properties of matter with this informative guide. Learn about mass and volume measurements, the composition of atoms and molecules, the different states of matter, and the distinctions between pure substances and mixtures. Discover the various physical properties that characterize solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Gain insights into simple distillation processes and the principles that govern the behavior of particles at the atomic level.

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Ch 1 Introduction to Matter

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  1. Ch 1Introduction to Matter 1.1 Matter Has Mass & Volume

  2. All objects are made of matter Matter—anything that has mass & takes up space

  3. All objects, liquids, gases, & living things are made of matter • Energy is NOT matter (light, heat, sound)

  4. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter • Mass is measured by comparing the mass of an object with standard units of mass • Metric units of mass are gram, kilogram, etc.

  5. Weight does NOT equal mass! It is the downward pull of gravity on an object • An object’s mass does not vary • An object’s weight varies, depending on the amount of gravity (proportional to the planet size) • Weight is measured in Newtons (in the metric system) 1 pound = 4.4482216 N

  6. Volume (or area) is a measure of the space matter occupies • Units = cubic cm, squared cm, liter, mL, etc. • May be measured 2 ways • Formula, for particular shapes • Volume of a cube = L x W x H • Displacement, for objects with irregular shapes

  7. formula displacement

  8. 1.2 Matter is made of atoms • Atoms are extremely small • Scientists have identified more than 100 kinds

  9. Atoms combine to form molecules • A molecule can be made from 2 or more atoms (bonded together) • Water = 2 hydrogens for every 1 oxygen bonded together • Ozone = 3 oxygens bonded together

  10. Atoms & molecules are always in motion • Gases—molecules move fastest (bounce off each other) • Liquids (slide past each other) • Solids—molecules move slowest (twist or vibrate)

  11. 1.3 Matter combines to form different substances • Matter can be pure or mixed • Pure = contains only 1 type of substance • Mixed = contains 2 or more substances mixed together (may be a mixture of elements &/or compounds)

  12. Element—contains only 1 kind of atom (ex=gold)

  13. Compound—consists of 2 or more different types of atoms bonded togetherex= water, sodium chloride (table salt)

  14. Mixture—combination of different substances that retain their individual properties & can be separated by physical means (filters, distillation, etc.) Simple Distillation

  15. 2 types of mixtures • Heterogeneous—particles are not evenly dispersed • Homogeneous—mixed evenly throughout

  16. 1.4Matter exists in 4 different states states • Solid—particles are close together; they vibrate --has a fixed volume & shape 2. Liquid—particles are further apart; they can slide past each other --has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

  17. Gas—particles are not close together; they move about freely --have no fixed volume or shape 4. Plasma—electrons jump energy levels & emit light or energy

  18. Simple Distillation

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