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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system. Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Essential Questions • What are the functions of the urinary system? • What are some disorders of the urinary system? • How are disorders of the urinary system treated? • How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Functions: • Excretion • Formation of urine • Fluid and electrolyte balance • Elimination of urine 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Functions: • Excretion • Formation of urine • Fluid and electrolyte balance • Elimination of urine 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion • What is excretion? • Why does the body have excretory functions? • What is the composition of wastes excreted by the urinary system? • How is it relevant to health? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Filtration • Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus • High pressure in glomerulus forces fluid into Bowman’s capsule, where it is filtered 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Filtration 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system BOWMAN’S CAPSULE Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min. …how many cc’s per hour is this? As the filtrate continues through nephron, 90% of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if reabsorption here failed?
Reabsorption • What substances are reabsorbed? • Where do they go? • If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed. • How does this help maintain homeostasis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Secretion What is secretion? Describe how this process is the opposite of reabsorption…. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Secretion 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system • What substances are secreted into the collecting tubules?
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance • Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance. • What are electrolytes? • What do they do? • What is the relevance to health? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control • ADH • Aldosterone Nervous control 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control • ADH – Antidiuretic hormone • Aldosterone 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control • ADHis released by the posterior pituitary gland • What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control • The amount of ADH produced is related to the level of body hydration • What factors regulate the release of ADH? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Forming more dilute urine: Define “dilute urine” • What are diuretics? • What effect do they have on the production of urine? • Give examples of substances that have diuretic effects. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control Aldosterone • Where does it come from? • What does it do? • Aldosterone release is the result of the renin-angiotensin system. What does this mean? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure? Fluid and electrolyte balance 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Nervous control • How does the nervous system control urinary secretions? • What other systems are involved in the production and excretion of urine? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary systemThe flow of electrolytes Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system review What do you predict will happen to blood pressure when the blood volume increases? What if blood volume decreases? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system review • If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration? • (more or less concentrated?) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Elimination of urine What causes the bladder to empty? Is this a voluntary or involuntary action? What can prevent urination? How is urinary retention treated? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Understand the functions of the urinary system Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this? • What effects the colorof your urine? Elimination of urine Urinary output 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Urinalysis An examination of urine • What does normal urine look like? • What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Urinalysis What could the presence of blood in urine indicate? What is the medical term for this condition? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Urinalysis Where would excess glucose show up? What does this mean? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Urinalysis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system Cystitis • What is cystitis (cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ ) • bacterial infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute means means sudden or severe • Most common cause: E. Coli • sometimes the bacteria can stick to the wall of the urethra or bladder, or grow so fast that some bacteria stay in the bladder. • What are the major symptoms of cystitis? • Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have a foul or strong odor • Low fever (not everyone will have a fever) • Pain or burning with urination • Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen (usually middle) or back • Strong need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been emptied 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system Rx= antibiotics Cystitis • More common in females—Why ?? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system • Disease which injures the glomerulus • is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. Also called glomerular disease, glomerulonephritis can be acute — a sudden attack of inflammation — or chronic — coming on gradually. • What will happen as a result of damaged glomeruli? Lose their filtering ability leading to accumulation of toxic waste Glomerulonephritis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Glomerulonephritis • Two types: • Acute- lose filtering ability need • Chronic- kidney failure • Define these terms. • How do these terms relate to glomerulonephritis symptoms? • What is the prognosis for each?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi Also known as nephrolithiasis nephro lith iasis What are renal calculi made of? solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help but can get stuck in the urinary tract causing pain and Block the flow of urine What are the symptoms? Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away Blood in your urine Fever and chills Vomiting Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy A burning feeling when you urinate
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi What will happen if the ureters are blocked? If you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi How is it treated?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi How does lithotripsy work? Is it a cure?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal failure • Acute • What causes it? • What are the symptoms?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal failure chronic • May be none in early stages, urinalysis may reveal proteinuria • Why would protein be present in the urine? • Why is this not normal?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure Chronic kidney disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body. How are these systems affected by renal failure?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure • How is it treated? • Peritonealdialysis • What is the process involved in this treatment?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure • How is it treated? • Hemodialysis • What is hemodialysis? • What determines the patient’s treatment schedule?
Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure Compare the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure.
Disorders of the urinary system How does hemodialysis mimic glomerular function? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system Renal transplant What is involved in this treatment option? When does a patient get a transplant? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system What is the majorcomplication of renal transplantation? Renal transplant 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system • Essential Questions • What are the functions of the urinary system? • What are some disorders of the urinary system? • How are disorders of the urinary system treated? • How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system