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Journal – 1-28-10. Using the timeline on page 239 list the 5 events you think were most important . Chapter 9 . Section 1. Essential Questions . How did the Ottomans get their name? What is the Millet System? Who are Janissaries? What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion?
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Journal – 1-28-10 • Using the timeline on page 239 list the 5 events you think were most important.
Chapter 9 Section 1
Essential Questions • How did the Ottomans get their name? • What is the Millet System? • Who are Janissaries? • What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion? • What was the new name for the Ottoman capital? • Why would the Ottoman Empire decline?
Rise of the Ottoman • Ghazis- 1st Ottomans were Turkish soldiers or warriors for Islam. • Escaped the Mongols • 1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success. • Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s
The Ottoman Bureaucracy SULTAN Divans Social / MilitaryDivans Heads of IndividualReligious Millets Muslims Jews Local Administrators& Military Christians Landowners / Tax Collectors
Government & Society • Society 2 main groups- rulers and society • Reaya- “Protected Flock” masses of ordinary subjects. • Millet system- group of different religious communities. • Each could operate under its own law and customs. • Courts and collected taxes • Education, health, and safety of its members
Army and Challenges • Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops. • War captive European soldiers. • Schooled and converted to Islam • Gained power & served the Sultan
Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522. • Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers.
Challenges • Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion • Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan. • Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.
Recovery and Expansion of the Empire • Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire. • People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan. • What is the importance of a Civil War? • Murad II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders. • Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital.
Suleyman “The Magnificent”1520-1566 Suleyman’s Signature
Decline • Expands Empire to Vienna. • Suleyman dies in 1566. • Slow decline • Military weakens • European rulers take over land • Economy • Starts to struggle • Lose silk and spice trade • Sultans lose power and respect • Government • Corruption • Failed military revisions • Weak Sultans