U nited A rab E mirates U niversity C ollege of E ngineering C ivil and E nvironmental E ngineering D epartment G

1. United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege of EngineeringCivil and Environmental Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project I Design Of Foundation For Space Frame Multipurpose Hall In Abu-Dhabi Area Prepared By: Haifa Saeed Laila Saeed Zainab Mohammed Examiners names: Dr. Saeed Harib. Dr. Ashraf Biddah. Prof. Abdullah Al-Shamsi. 2ndSemester 2004-2005

2. Outline • Introduction: • Multipurpose Hall Structure. • Shallow Foundations and Pile Foundations. • The Suitable Foundation. • Soil investigation: • Borings, Sampling and Testing. • Water Table Level. • Pore Hole log. • Bearing capacity of rock and sand soil. • Theories and Analysis. • Conclusion. • Summary & Impact.

3. Introduction Multipurpose Hall Structure: - Design of foundation for the multipurpose hall (Gymnasium). - The proposed structure's type for gymnasium is a combination of steel and concrete. - The roof of gymnasium is space frame steel. - The other structural elements are reinforced concrete.

4. Structure Elements Super Structure: All structure’s elements that lies on the earth such as slabs, beams, columns and roofs. Sub Structure: Foundation which transmit all loads of the superstructure to the suitable and strong soil layer and it should be: - Located properly so as not to be adversely affected by outside influences. - Safe from bearing capacity failure (collapse) and excessive settlement.

5. Types of Foundations Shallow Foundations: Founded near to the finished ground surface; where the founding depth (Df) is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. It include footings, mat or raft foundation. Pile Foundations: Long and slender structural members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity.

6. Pile Foundations Classification: Load transmitting. Pile material. Effect on the soil Load transmitting: 1.End bearing piles 2.Friction piles 3.Combination of friction and end bearing piles Pile material. 1.Timber. 2.Concrete 3.Steel. 4.Composite piles Effect on the soil. 1.Driven piles. 2.Bored piles.

7. Load transmitting Load Load Soft Soil Pile Pile Firm Soil Ground Reaction Friction piles. End bearing piles

8. Pile Material Timber piles. Concrete piles. Steel piles

9. Effect on the soil Bored piles.

10. Effect on the soil Driven piles

11. Pile Cap • Piles are arranged in groups of three or more. • The group of piles is commonly tied together by a pile cap. • Pile cap is reinforced concrete slab attached to the head of individual piles and causes the several piles to act together as a pile foundation. • The main propose of pile cap is to distribute the load from a column equally between piles.

12. Suitable Foundation Depends on: 1.The character of the soil 2.The presence of the water at the site. 3.The magnitude of the imposed loads and the project characteristics • Project soil: • The soil of Abu Dhabi is weak due to the existence of salts. • High water table level. • Lies on coastline, there is an extensive deposit of bioclastic sand and silt. • Therefore, the suitable foundation is the pile foundation.

13. Soil Investigation • Objectives • It includes: • Boring • Sampling • Testing

14. Boring • Definition • Drilling or driving a hole into the earth's surface. • Types • Trial pits • Shafts and headings • Percussion boring • Mechanical auger • Wash borings • Hand and portable augers • Rotary drilling

15. Hand Auger • Used for: • Depths of around 5m. • Fine particles • Cohesive Soil

16. Rotary Drilling Advantages: - Its progress is faster than other methods - Disturbance of the soil is slight

17. Sampling Definition Taking samples from the filed or site to determine soil types and in-place characteristics of soil . • Types • Disturbed sample • Undisturbed sample

18. Disturbed Sample

19. Undisturbed Sample

20. Sampling Techniques • Disturbed samples: • Drill tools • Drive sampling • Rotary sampling • Undisturbed samples : • Trial pit.

21. Testing • The main tests: • Standard Penetration Test (SPT) • Unconfined Compression Strength Test (UCT)

22. Standard Penetration Test • It aims to determine the SPT N-value, which gives an indication of the soil stiffness.

23. Standard Penetration Test • After SPT, a disturbed sample is obtained for examination and testing.

24. Unconfined Compressive Strength Objective Determine shear strength of a cohesive soil in an inexpensive manner.

25. Water Table Level

26. Record of Soil Investigation • There are three types of soil records: • Geologic profile • Map • Boring log sheet

27. Borehole Location

28. Borehole Log Sheet

29. Bearing Capacity Definition Theories

30. Theory of the Rock

33. Bearing Capacity Analysis Calculation Steps: 1. Study the borehole log sheets & compare.

34. Bearing Capacity Analysis 2. Calculate unit skin friction (f ) for depth 5 to 11m. 3. Calculate design bearing capacity based on skin friction (Factor of Safety = 3.0).

35. Bearing Capacity Analysis 4. Calculate ultimate bearing capacity of the soil at the tip of the pile (qtip). 5- Calculate design bearing capacity based on end bearing.

36. Bearing Capacity Analysis 6. Calculate total bearing capacity.

37. Conclusion Summary. Impact. Thanks for your attention

38. Cost Estimation • Site clearance: 11,390 Dh. • Excavation and earthworks: 196,673 Dh. • Dewatering: 92,833 Dh. • Pilling: 494,222 Dh. • Reinforced poured concrete in substructure: 1,159,879 Dh. • Backfilling: 17,740 Dh.