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Coppin State University

Health and Human Services Building. Coppin State University. Baltimore, Maryland. Presentation Outline. Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Analysis Solar Shading Analysis Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Summary and Conclusions Questions. Project Overview. Presentation.

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Coppin State University

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  1. Health and Human Services Building Coppin State University Baltimore, Maryland

  2. Presentation Outline Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Analysis Solar Shading Analysis Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Summary and Conclusions Questions

  3. Project Overview • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Size: Five Stories, 150,000 sf • Construction Cost: $48.6 Million • Construction Dates: January 2006 – August 2008 • Delivery Method: CM at Risk with GMP

  4. Project Team • Presentation Owner Client • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments University of Maryland, Baltimore Coppin State University Architect Construction Manager Design Collective, Inc. Barton Malow Company Structural Engineer MEP Engineer RMF Engineering, Inc. Hope Furrer Associates

  5. Project Features • Presentation • Outline • Academic Facility • Early Childhood Demonstration Center • Lecture Halls • Meeting Rooms • Offices • Outpatient Health Clinic • Research Labs • Moot Courtroom • Forensic Lab • Overhead Pedestrian Bridge • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  6. Building Envelope • Presentation • Façade Materials • Glazed Aluminum Curtain Wall • Glazed Storefront • Face-Brick Veneer with Masonry Cavity • Cast Stone Panels • Insulated Metal Panels • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Roof Materials • Metal Screen • EPDM Single Ply Membrane • Hot Fluid Applied Roof

  7. Structural System • Presentation • Framing • ASTM A992 Structural Steel • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Foundation • 4000 psi Cast-in-Place Caissons, Grade Beams & Foundation Walls • Decking • Composite Metal Deck • 3” 3500 psi Reinforced Lightweight Concrete

  8. Mechanical & Electrical Systems • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Mechanical System • 6 Rooftop Air Handling Units • (2) 400 Ton Chillers • (2) 200 HP Boilers • Electrical System • 480Y/277 Volt Service • 400kW Emergency Back-Up Generator

  9. Site Conditions • Presentation • Located in Baltimore, Maryland on a College Campus • 8 miles Northwest of Inner Harbor • 3 Site Entrances • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  10. Volatility of Escalating Construction Costs

  11. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Coppin State University - Health and Human Services Building Conditions - Project Bid to Contractors in Three Phases - Hurricane Katrina Hit During Bidding Process - Materials Escalated Unprecedented High - Owner Forced to Alter Budget or Building - Considered Removing Early Childhood Demonstration Center - Asked State of Maryland for $5 Million More • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Trades in Each Bid Phase *Steel & Glazing Bid Accounted for Most Over Estimated Budget Overage X 5 Story Main Building

  12. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Outline • Problem: • Managing the risk of maintaining a Budget in the Current Market - Volatility of Material Costs - Escalation of Labor Wages • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Solution: • Alter the Contractors Bidding and Payment Process • - Require Contractor Bids to Reflect Current Market Prices • - Owner Compensate for Escalation Quarterly

  13. Current Market Conditions • Presentation • Escalation of Material Costs • - Inflation/Escalation Free Era from 2001-2003 • - Volatile Escalation of Material Prices from 2004-2006 • - Material Costs have Decreased in Recent Months • - Material Costs Expected to Rise 6-8% by end of 2007 • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Causes of Material Escalation: • Increased Fuel Prices • - Anything Being Shipped or Hauled • - Raw Materials and Finished Products • - Petroleum Products – PVC, Roofing/Waterproofing, PVC Pipe & Asphalt • Increase In Global Economy (India and China) • - Longer Lead Time for Materials • Materials Affected Most • - Concrete • - Steel • - Drywall/Gypsum • Products Affected by Multiple Material Escalation – Cast-in-Place Concrete • - Aluminum - Copper • - Glass • - Lumber

  14. Current Market Conditions • Presentation • Outline • Escalation of Labor Wages • - Construction Industry Produced 1 out of 10 New Jobs • - Recent Years Employment Dropped 0.2% • - Hourly Wages increased 4.8% in 2006 • - Labor Wages Increase 5% by end of 2007 • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Causes of Labor Wage Increase • - Labor Shortage • - Decline in Residential Construction Increased Number of Higher Paying Jobs • - Shortage of Apprentices Coupled with Shortage of Teachers

  15. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Resources • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • - Engineering News Record (ENR) Database • - Associated General Contractors (AGC) Escalation Reports

  16. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Outline • Construction Material Cost Escalation is a Risk for: • - Contractors • - Construction Managers • - Designers • - Owners • - Vendors/Suppliers • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Current Strategy • Incorporate an Inflation/Escalation Percentage Increase and then Pass the Risk to the Next Party • Problem with Current Strategy • As Risk is Passed a Premium is Paid by the Owner for an Event that May Never Occur

  17. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Outline • Current Strategy for Managing Risk • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  18. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Outline • Recommendation • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Make an Effort to Simplify Bid Documents • - Require Thorough Constructability Review that Involves a Contractor • - Eliminate Future Addendums • - Create a More Accurate Material Take-Off • Require Contractor to Bid on Current Market Prices • - Require that Initial Bid does not include the Cost of Escalation or Inflation • - Standardize Bid • Review Material Cost Escalation Quarterly • - Assess Material Escalation Quarterly using a Material Escalation Index • - Increase/Decrease Contract for Escalation of Materials Bought Each Quarter • > Performed for 3 Pay Applications

  19. Construction Cost Escalation • Presentation • Outline • Conclusion • - Increase Mutual Respect between Parties • - Allow Owner to Manage the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation • - Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk • To Allow the Owner… • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • ‘To Get More Building For The Buck’

  20. Solar Shading Analysis

  21. Solar Shading Analysis • Presentation Existing Sunshade runs along the 5th Floor Perimeter Serves as a Capital to Complete an Aesthetic Look • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Problem • Sunshade does not Minimize Solar Heat Gain Sunshade is 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window • Existing • Redesign • Solution • Minimize Solar Heat Gain by Extending and Lowering Sunshade • Minimize Initial and Operating Cost

  22. Solar Shading Analysis • Presentation • Existing Conditions • - Located at 39.18°N Latitude and 76.67°W Longitude • - 5th Floor Exposure Aligned with North/South Axis • - 4’ Tapered Outrigger with 4” Airfoil • - Sunshade Mounting Tab Welded to Girder • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing Sunshade Connection • 5th Floor Exposure • 4’ Tapered Outrigger • 4” Airfoil

  23. Mechanical Impacts • Presentation • Solar Heat Gain Calculations • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Constants • - Reynolds - “Mechanical and Electrical • Equipment for Buildings” pg 1638 & 1648 • - Altitude • - Azimuth • - Solar Heat Gain Factor • - Viracon Glass VE 1-52 Defines Solar Heat Gain Coefficient • - Estimated Number of Sunny days per month

  24. Mechanical Impacts • Presentation • Solar Heat Gain Calculations • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • East and West Sides Length of Overhang tan(Altitude) x Shadow Length = cos(Azimuth) • South Side Length of Overhang tan(Altitude) x Shadow Length = cos(Azimuth) Shadow Length Shadow Length x Length of Glass Percent Shaded = Total Area of Glass

  25. Mechanical Impacts • Presentation • Solar Heat Gain Calculations • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments Solar Heat GainX (Btu) = (1-ASX)ATXFX + ASX ATXFN When… ASX is the Shaded Area for Side X ATX is the Total Area of Glass for Side X FX is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for Side X FN is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for the North Side Solar Heat Gain Hourly Solar Heat Gain (Btu) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Sunny Days per Month x = x

  26. Mechanical Impacts • Presentation • Impacts of Lowering the Sunshade • Outline • Overhang Length of 4’ • 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window • Overhang Length of 4’ • 0“ Above Head of Window • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  27. Solar Shading Analysis • Presentation • Impacts of Extending the Sunshade • Outline • Lowered • Lowered & Extended • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Sunshade Located at Head of Window

  28. Structural Impacts • Presentation • Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter • - A36 24”x 7”x 3/8” • - Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C. • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing Connection • Redesigned Connection

  29. Cost Impacts • Presentation • Lowering Sunshade • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Electrical Supply Savings • Electrical Demand Supply Charge Savings • Chiller Reduction Savings • Structural Steel Plate Costs

  30. Cost Impacts • Presentation • Extending Sunshade • Outline • Cost per Additional Foot for Material and Labor • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Initial Cost • Yearly Btu • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10

  31. Conclusion & Recommendation • Presentation Lower the Sunshade to Head of Window but do not extend the Sunshade • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Initial Savings $14,480 • Yearly Savings $3,220 • No Schedule Impact • Existing • Lowered &Extended • Lower Sunshade • Lowered

  32. Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Analysis

  33. The Overhead Pedestrian Bridge connects the New Campus to Old Campus and is a visible symbol of the college for all who drive down W. North Avenue Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Bridge Conditions • Connects with Health and Human Services Building on 2nd Floor • Will Connect to a Future Parking Garage • Crosses North Avenue

  34. Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Community Outreach • Early Childhood Demonstration Center • Outpatient Health Clinic • Community BBQ • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  35. Problem - Ignored Architectural Feature of the Campus - Lighting is Ordinary and Industrial Solution - Create a Prestigious Symbol for Coppin State University - Highlight the Structure and Architectural Features of Bridge - Hide the Light Source - Maintain an Average Horizontal Illuminace Level of 5 footcandles and an Average Vertical Illuminance Level of 3 footcandles according to IESNA Handbook Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  36. Existing Conditions - 40 Pendant Ceiling Mounted Fixtures - No Light Focused on Structure - Light Source is Visible Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Interior View • Exterior Views

  37. Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Redesigned Lighting Scheme • - Small Fixtures Blend into Space • - Fixtures Painted to Match Truss Color • - FF-1 Ceiling Mounted Every 20 feet • - FF-2 Wall Mounted Every 10 feet on Alternate Sides • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • FF-1 • FF-2

  38. Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Pseudo Color Rendering • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing Conditions • Redesign Conditions • Redesigned Illuminance Levels • - Average Illuminance of 6.18 footcandles • - Maximum Illuminance 11.6 footcandels

  39. Hidden Light Source that Highlights the Structure and Architectural Features with a Sufficient Amount of Light Bridge Illumination Analysis • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Interior View • Interior View • Exterior Views

  40. Electrical Impacts • Presentation • ASHRAE Design Criteria of Maximum of 3 Watts/ft2 • Redesign Power Density 80% Less than Allowable • Existing and Redesigned System Circuited to Panelboard LPN2 • Circuit 4 Redesigned According to NEC • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Redesigned Power Density • Existing Power Density • Circuit 4 Redesign - 20A, Single Pole, 277V • Allowable Total Wattage on Circuit 4 • 16A x 277V x 1(Power Factor) = 4,432 Watts • 1,196 Watts < 4,432 Watts • All Fixtures on Same Circuit • Feeder Requires (3) #10 Wires in ½” EMT Conduit

  41. Cost Impact • Presentation • Redesigned Fixture • - Material Increase Cost of $1,000 • - Labor Increase of 106 hours for Cost of $5,812 • Number of Fixtures • - Existing has 40 Fixtures • - Redesign has 23 Fixtures • Lamp Maintenance Reduction • - Existing Lamp is Linear Fluorescent T8 • - Redesigned Lamp is Metal Halide • - Linear Fluorescent Lamps Lose Efficiency and Lamp Life in Low Temperatures • - Metal Halide is Better for Outdoor Application • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Metal Halide • Linear Fluorescent

  42. Conclusion & Recommendation • Presentation • Outline • Interior View • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing • Redesign

  43. Conclusion & Recommendation • Presentation • Outline • Exterior View • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing • Redesign

  44. Conclusion & Recommendation • Presentation • Existing • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Exterior View • Redesign

  45. Conclusion & Recommendation • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Utilize the Redesigned Lighting Scheme • - Creates a Prestigious Symbol for the College • - Slight Cost Increase

  46. Acknowledgements • Presentation • Architectural Engineering Faculty • - Dr. Horman • - Dr. Ling • - Dr. Messner • - Dr. Riley Barton Malow Company - Bob Grottenthaler - Katie Lynahan - Jason McFadden - Allen Turnbaugh - Todd Vochinsky Coppin State University & University of Maryland, Baltimore Design Collective, Inc - Matt Herbert - Eric Wohnsigl Family and Friends Fellow Architectural Engineering Students - Alexis Kreft - Joseph Mugford - Angela Nudy - Tyler Swartzwelder • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  47. Questions and Comments • Presentation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments Questions & Comments • Allow the Owner‘To Get More Building For The Buck’ • - Owner Manages the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation • - Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk • Lower the Sunshade to Reduce Solar Heat Gain • - First Year Savings of $14,480 • - Yearly Additional Savings $3,220 • - No Schedule Impact • Utilize Redesigned Lighting Scheme of Bridge • - Creates Prestigious Symbol • - Highlights Structure and Architecture • - Hides Light Source

  48. Current Market Conditions • Presentation • AGC Percentage Changes in Producer Price (PPI) Index • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments

  49. Current Market Conditions • Presentation • Material Cost Escalation • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • CPI-U is the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers • -Used to Help Predict Project Cost Changes

  50. Structural Impacts • Presentation • Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter • - A36 24”x 7”x 3/8” • - Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C. • Outline • Project Overview • Construction Cost • Escalation • Solar Shading • Analysis • Bridge Illumination • Analysis • Acknowledgements • Questions & • Comments • Existing Connection • Redesigned Connection • Eccentric Weld Tables AISC Steel Manual 13th Edition • - Downward Force 2k per connection • - Moment of 4’k • - Plate Checked for Flexural Yield

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