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Coppin State University

Health and Human Services Building. Coppin State University. Baltimore, Maryland. Presentation Outline. Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Analysis Solar Shading Analysis Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Summary and Conclusions Questions. Presentation. Project Overview.

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Coppin State University

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  1. Health and Human Services Building Coppin State University Baltimore, Maryland

  2. Presentation Outline Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Analysis Solar Shading Analysis Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Summary and Conclusions Questions

  3. Presentation Project Overview Academic Facility • Early Childhood Demonstration Center • Lecture Halls • Meeting Rooms • Offices • Outpatient Health Clinic • Research Labs • Moot Courtroom • Forensic Lab • Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Outline Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Size: Five Stories 150,000 ft2 Cost: $48.6 Million Dates of Construction: January 2006 – June 2008

  4. Presentation Project Overview Delivery Method: CM at Risk with a Soft GMP Owner Client Outline Organizational Chart Coppin State University University of Maryland, Baltimore Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Architect Construction Manager Design Collective, Inc Barton Malow Company Structural Engineer MEP Engineer PC – Professional Contract SC- Services Contract RMF Engineering, Inc Hope Furrer Associates

  5. Presentation Roof Materials • Metal Screen • EPDM Single Ply Membrane • Hot Fluid Applied Roof Project Overview Façade Materials • Glazed Aluminum Curtain Wall • Glazed Storefront • Face-Brick Veneer with Masonry Cavity • Cast Stone Panels • Insulated Metal Panels Outline Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments

  6. Framing • ASTM A992 Structural Steel Presentation Foundation • 4000 psi Cast-in-Place Caissons, Grade Beams & Foundation Walls Project Overview Outline Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Decking • Composite Metal Deck • 3” 3500 psi Reinforced Lightweight Concrete

  7. Presentation Project Overview Mechanical System • 6 Rooftop Air Handling Units • (2) 400 Ton Chillers • (2) 200 HP Boilers Outline Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Electrical System • 480Y/277 Volt Service • 400kW Emergency Back-Up Generator

  8. Presentation Project Overview Outline Project Features Project Team Building Envelope Structure Mechanical & Electrical Systems Site Conditions Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Site Conditions • Located in Baltimore, Maryland on a College Campus • 8 miles Northwest of Inner Harbor • 3 Site Entrances

  9. Volatility of Escalating Construction Costs

  10. Presentation Construction Cost Escalation Coppin State University - Health and Human Services Building Conditions • Project Bid to Contractors in Three Phases • Hurricane Katrina Hit During Bidding Process • Materials Escalated Unprecedented High • Owner Forced to Alter Budget or Building • Considered Removing Early Childhood Demonstration Center • Asked State of Maryland for $5 Million More Outline Trades in Each Bid Phase Problem: Managing the risk of maintaining a Budget in the Current Market Conditions. Factors Increasing Risk: -Volatility of Material Costs -Escalation of Labor Wages Solution: Alter the way Contractors are Procured and Paid. -Institute a Pre-Qualified Interview Process -Allow Bid to Reflect Current Market Prices Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments 1 Story Steel & Glazing Bid Most Over Estimated Budget X 5 Story Main Building

  11. Presentation Resources Construction Cost Escalation Outline Causes of Labor Wage Increase Lower Employment Levels Low Levels of Unemployment in Current Economy Decline in Residential Eliminated Low Un-Skilled Workers Higher Levels of Employed Skilled Workers Shortage of Apprentices Coupled with Shortage of Teachers Current Market Conditions: Escalation of Labor Wages -Construction Industry Produced 1 out of 10 New Jobs -Recent Years Employment Dropped 0.2% -Hourly Wages increased 4.8% in 2006 -Labor Wages Increase 5% by end of 2007 Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments -Engineering News Record (ENR) Database -AGC Escalation Reports

  12. Presentation Cost Escalation Causes of Material Escalation Increased Fuel Prices -Anything Being Shipped or Hauled -Raw Materials and Finished Products -Petroleum Products – PVC, Roofing/Waterproofing, PVC Pipe & Asphalt Increase In Global Economy (India and China) -Longer Lead Time for Materials Materials Affected Most -Concrete -Steel -Drywall/Gypsum Products Affected by Multiple Material Escalation – Cast-in-Place Concrete Construction Cost Escalation Outline Current Market Conditions: Escalation of Material Costs -Inflation/Escalation Free Era from 2001-2003 -Volatile Escalation of Material Prices from 2004-2006 -Material Costs have Decreased in Recent Months -Material Costs Expected to Rise 6-8% by end of 2007 Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments -Aluminum -Copper -Glass -Lumber *Statistics from AGC Inflation Report CPI-U is the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers -Used to Help Predict Project Cost Changes

  13. Presentation Construction Cost Escalation Outline Current Strategy for Managing Risk Current Strategy Incorporate an Inflation/Escalation Percentage Increase and then Pass the Risk to the Next Party Problem with Current Strategy As Risk is Passed a Premium is Paid by the Owner for an Event that May Never Occur Construction Cost Escalation is a Risk for: -Contractors -Construction Managers -Designers -Owners -Vendors Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments

  14. Presentation Construction Cost Escalation Altered Contractor Procurement -Only Allow Pre-Qualified Contractors to Participate in an Interview -Implement an Interview Process Contractors -Score Contractors on Three Separately Areas -Fee Proposal -Technical Submission -Interview -Highest Score Wins the Job Benefit -Increase Competition Between Contractors -Decrease Problem of High Wages with Low Productivity Outline Simplification of Bid Documents -Require Designer and Construction Manager to complete a Thorough Constructability Review -Eliminate Addendums -Involve a Contractor Bid Current Prices -Require that Contractor’s Bid does not include the Cost of Escalation and Inflation -Assess Material Escalation Quarterly -Include Cost of Escalation for Materials Bought Each Quarter on Every Third Pay Application Recommendation -Make an Effort to Simplify Bid Documents -Procurement of Contractors be Changed to a Pre-Qualified Interview Process -Require Contractor to Bid on Current Market Prices -Review Material Cost Escalation Quarterly Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments

  15. Presentation Construction Cost Escalation Outline Conclusion -Allow Owner to Manage the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation -Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk To Allow the Owner Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments ‘To Get More Building For His Buck’

  16. Solar Shading Analysis

  17. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Existing Sunshade runs along the 5th Floor Perimeter Serves as a Capital to Complete an Aesthetic Look Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Problem • Sunshade does not Minimize Solar Heat Gain Solution • Minimize Solar Heat Gain by Extending and Lowering Sunshade • Minimize Initial and Operating Cost Existing Redesign Sunshade is 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window

  18. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Existing Sunshade Connection Outline Existing Conditions - Located at 39.18°N Latitude and 76.67°W Longitude - 5th Floor Exposure Aligned with North/South Axis - 4’ Tapered Outrigger with 4” Airfoil - Sunshade Mounting Tab Welded to Girder Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments 5th Floor Exposure 4” Airfoil 4’ Tapered Outrigger

  19. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Constants - Reynolds - “Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings” pg 1638 & 1648 Mechanical Impacts Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Effects of Lowering Sunshade Effects of Extending Sunshade Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments East and West Sides Length of Overhang - Azimuth tan(Altitude) x Shadow Length = cos(Azimuth) - Altitude - Solar Heat Gain Factor South Side Length of Overhang - Viracon Glass VE 1-52 Defines Solar Heat Gain Coefficient tan(Altitude) x Shadow Length = cos(Azimuth) Shadow Length - Estimated Number of Sunny days per month Shadow Length x Length of Glass Percent Shaded = Total Area of Glass

  20. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Constants - Reynolds - “Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings” pg 1638 & 1648 - Azimuth - Altitude - Solar Heat Gain Factor - Viracon Glass VE 1-52 Defines Solar Heat Gain Coefficient - Estimated Number of Sunny days per month Mechanical Impacts Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Effects of Lowering Sunshade Effects of Extending Sunshade Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Solar Heat GainX (Btu) = (1-ASX)ATXFX + ASX ATXFN When… ASX is the Shaded Area for Side X ATX is the Total Area of Glass for Side X FX is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for Side X FN is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for the North Side Sunny Days per Month Solar Heat Gain Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Hourly Solar Heat Gain (Btu) = x x

  21. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Overhang Length of 4’ 0“ Above Head of Window Overhang Length of 4’ 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window Outline Mechanical Impacts Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Effects of Lowering Sunshade Extending Sunshade Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments

  22. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Sunshade Located at Head of Window Mechanical Impacts Calculation of Solar Heat Gain Lowering Sunshade Effects of Extending Sunshade Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Lowered Extended

  23. Presentation Existing Connection Redesigned Connection Solar Shading Analysis Outline Structural Impacts Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter - A36 24”x 7”x 3/8” -Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C. Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Existing Connection Redesigned Connection

  24. Presentation Lowering Sunshade Extending Sunshade Solar Shading Analysis Outline Cost per Additional Foot for Material and Labor Electrical Supply Savings Cost Impacts Electrical Supply Savings Electrical Demand Supply Charge Savings Chiller Reduction Savings Structural Steel Plate Cost Additional Length of Sunshade Cost Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Summary & Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Electrical Demand Supply Charge Savings Initial Cost Yearly Btu Chiller Reduction Savings Structural Steel Plate Costs 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  25. Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Conclusion & Recommendation Lower the Sunshade 4’-1 ¾” but do not extend the Sunshade Consider Installation of Sunshade on All Windows Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Lowered Sunshade - Initial Savings $14,480 - Yearly Savings $3,220 - No Schedule Impact Lower Sunshade Extended Existing Lowered

  26. Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Analysis

  27. Bridge Conditions • Connects with Health and Human Services Building on 2nd Floor • Will Connect to a Future Parking Garage • Crosses W. North Avenue Presentation Community Outreach • Early Childhood Demonstration Center • Outpatient Health Clinic • Community BBQ Bridge Illumination Analysis Outline The Overhead Pedestrian Bridge connects the New Campus to Old Campus and is a visible symbol of the college for all who drive down W. North Avenue. Problem -Ignored Architectural Feature of the Campus -Lighting is Dull and Industrious Solution -Create a Prestigious Symbol for Coppin State University -Highlight the Structure and Architectural Features of Bridge -Hide the Light Source -Maintain a Horizontal Illuminace Level of 5 footcandles and a Vertical Illuminance Level of 3 footcandles Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions& Comments

  28. Presentation Bridge Illumination Analysis Outline Existing Conditions - 40 Pendant Ceiling Mounted Fixtures - Structure is not Highlighted - No Light Focused on Structure - Light Source is Visible Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions& Comments Interior View Exterior View Exterior View Pseudo Color Rendering

  29. Presentation Bridge Illumination Analysis Outline Redesigned Lighting Scheme - Small Fixtures Blend into Space - Fixtures Painted to Match Truss Color - FF-1 Ceiling Mounted Every 20 feet - FF-1 have Emergency Battery Ballasts - FF-2 Wall Mounted Every 10 feet on Alternate Sides Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Summary & Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions& Comments FF-1 FF-2 Pseudo Color Rendering -Average Illuminance of 6.18 footcandles -Maximum Illuminance 11.6 footcandels

  30. Presentation Bridge Illumination Analysis Outline Hidden Light Source that Highlights the Structure and Architectural Features with a Sufficient Amount of Light Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions& Comments Exterior View Interior View Exterior View

  31. Presentation Circuit 4Redesign Circuit 4 - 20A, Single Pole, 277V Bridge Illumination Analysis Existing Power Density Outline Electrical Impacts - ASHRAE Design Criteria of Maximum of 3 Watts/ft2 Met - Redesign Power Density 80% Less than Allowable - Existing and Redesigned System Circuited to Panelboard LPN2 - Circuit 4 Redesigned According to NEC Allowable Total Wattage on Circuit 4 Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions& Comments 16A x 277V x 1(Power Factor) = 4,432 Watts Redesigned Power Density 1,196 Watts < 4,432 Watts All Fixtures on Same Circuit Feeder Requires (3) #10 Wires in ½” EMT Conduit

  32. Presentation Bridge Illumination Analysis Number of Fixtures -Existing has 40 Fixtures -Redesign has 23 Fixtures Lamp Maintenance Reduction -Existing Lamp is Linear Fluorescent T8 -Redesigned Lamp is Metal Halide -Linear Fluorescent Lamps Lose Efficiency and Lamp Life in Low Temperatures Present in Baltimore, Maryland -Metal Halide is Better for Outdoor Application Outline Cost Impacts - Lamp Maintenance Reduced - Number of Fixtures Decreased - Redesigned Fixtures Inexpensive Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Summary & Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions& Comments Redesigned Fixture -Actual Cost of Existing Feature Could Not be Found -Actual Cost of Redesigned Fixture Could Not be Found -Redesigned Fixture Can be Purchased from a Low-end Manufacturer Linear Fluorescent Metal Halide

  33. Interior View Presentation Bridge Illumination Analysis Existing Outline Exterior View Conclusion & Recommendation Redesigned Lighting Scheme Recommended - Creates a Prestigious Symbol for the College - Maintains or Lowers Cost Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Summary & Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions& Comments Redesign Existing Redesign Existing Redesign

  34. Presentation Questions and Comments Outline Acknowledgements Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Barton Malow Company Coppin State University & University of Maryland, Baltimore Design Collective, Inc Family and Friends Fellow Architectural Engineering Students Architectural Engineering Faculty

  35. Summary and Conclusions Solar Heat Gain Recommendation Lower the Sunshade 4’-1 ¾” • First Year Savings of $14,480 • Yearly Additional Savings $3,220 Construction Cost Escalation -Allow Owner to Manage the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation -Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk To Allow the Owner Questions & Comments Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Utilize Redesigned Lighting Scheme • Creates Prestigious Symbol • Highlights Structure and Architecture • Hides Light Source ‘To Get More Building For His Buck’

  36. Structural Steel Plate Cost Presentation Solar Shading Analysis Outline Electrical Savings Volume per Plate x 1.15 (Labor) x 460 lb/SF x Number of Plates x $2/lb Cost Impacts Electrical Savings Demand Supply Charge Savings Tonnage Reduction Savings Structural Steel Plate Cost Additional Length of Sunshade Cost Change in Btu Additional Cost per Foot x $0.608/kwh Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Summary & Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions & Comments COP of Chiller x 3412 kwh/Btu Demand Supply Charge Savings Hourly Change in Btu x 365 Days x COP of Chiller x $10/ton $41.56/SF (Includes Labor) x Area of Sunshade 12000 Btu/ton Payback Period of Extension Tonnage Reduction Savings Tons Saved x 450 SF/ton x $8.95/SF (Yearly Savings + Initial Savings – Initial Costs) Yearly Savings

  37. Presentation Construction Cost Escalation Outline Implementation -Owner must Demand Constructability Review be Completed -Construction Manager can Run Pre-Qualified Interview Process -Party Managing Pay Application can Implement Quarterly Material Cost Escalation Adjustments Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments

  38. Presentation Risk Passed Construction Cost Escalation Risk Managed Outline Contractor Bid Case Study Conditions: -One Year Project December 2005 to December 2006 -Management of the Cost of Steel Escalation -Estimated Current Price of Materials in Scope $4 Million Owner Added Inflation (13%) $4 Million Project Overview Construction Cost Escalation Solar Shading Analysis Bridge Illumination Acknowledgements Questions & Comments Estimated Cost $4.52 Million Contractor Purchases Steel in February 2006 with 8% Increase Contractor Added Inflation (7%) $4.32 Million $4.28 Million Owner Increases Contract Price to Adjust for Escalation Vendor Added Inflation (5%) $4.32 Million Only Hold Price for 10 Days $4.5 Million Additional Contractor Added Inflation (5%) Owner Saves $380,000 $4.7 Million

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