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Geography 417/517: Introduction to GIS

Geography 417/517: Introduction to GIS. Introductory Materials. Motivation: Why GIS? Data Models Map Projections and Coordinate Systems Data entry - Digitizing Data entry - GPS Data entry - Digital data Image data. Tables Basic Spatial Analysis Raster Analyses

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Geography 417/517: Introduction to GIS

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  1. Geography 417/517: Introduction to GIS Introductory Materials

  2. Motivation: Why GIS? Data Models Map Projections and Coordinate Systems Data entry - Digitizing Data entry - GPS Data entry - Digital data Image data Tables Basic Spatial Analysis Raster Analyses Spatial Models and Modeling Data Quality The Future Course Topics

  3. Health Care Locate new clinics/hospitals Delivery Companies Routes and schedules Transportation New highways Forestry Where to cut, plant, or build Governments Allocate funds Travelers Driving directions, hotels Farmers Fertilizer and pesticides Why does GIS matter?

  4. Why Learn GIS? GIS is Everywhere

  5. Why computerize manual methods? • To bring together data from multiple sources (synthesis) • Analytical power • measure distance, density, area • overlay and buffer • adjacency and proximity • vicinity (neighborhood) • networks • visibility • Flexibility • Output Quality

  6. Why GIS? • Resource depletion/degradation • Increased problem complexity • Demands by the political body • Improved capabilities • Increased competition

  7. Why GIS? • Expanded capabilities • Do the impossible • Improved efficiency • Reduce speed of analysis 10-fold or more

  8. Why GIS? • Convenient storage and retrieval (paper maps) • Some issues with paper maps • Difficult to update/edit • Many types of analysis are problematic/complex • e.g. overlay, proximity analysis • Data integration is difficult • Large volumes of data

  9. Why GIS? • GIS provides • Data integration and standardization • Methods for managing large volumes of data

  10. Why GIS? • GIS provides • Advanced spatial analysis capabilities

  11. Why GIS? • GIS provides • Automation of repetitive tasks • Sophisticated means of communication: distribution and output

  12. Applications of GIS Four basic categories: • Environmental/natural resource management • Urban and regional management • Infrastructure management • Commercial

  13. Monitoring and Mapping Sea Ice in near Real Time

  14. Why GIS? Pavement quality inventory and monitoring

  15. Why GIS? • Sustaining Lobster Fisheries in Penobscot Bay • Why is it important? • Fisheries stocks dwindling lobster population, an economic mainstay with sustainable harvests

  16. From Observations and Process Knowledge to Prediction and Action

  17. What is a GIS? • Geographic Information System

  18. What is a GIS? • Geographic Information System

  19. Overview of GIS Architecture Spatial data are organized into layers

  20. Overview of GIS Architecture Spatial data layers are registered • states • counties • roads • rivers • cities

  21. Overview of GIS Architecture Attribute data are associated with spatial feature State: New Jersey Pop: 7,730,188 Gov: C. Whitman

  22. Overview of GIS Architecture Attribute data are stored in tables State Name Population Governor New Jersey 7,730,188 C. Whitman Pennsylvania 11,881,643 T. Ridge Etc…

  23. State Name Population Governor C. Whitman New Jersey 7,730,188 11,881,643 T. Ridge Pennsylvania Etc… Overview of GIS Architecture Spatial data and attribute table are ‘linked’ together

  24. Overview of GIS Architecture • We usually understand GIS to be computer-facilitated system • GIS is NOT only software/hardware • Also includes: • Trained personnel • Supporting Institution • Protocols for use

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