The eating habits of the principal religions

2. The eating habits of the principal religions

3. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food The word Catholicism usually refers to the doctrine or faith of the Catholic Church. It includes all the Christian Churches that are in communion with the Pope, and accept his authority in matters of faith and morality. Nowadays, it divides into: Orient CatholicChurch, or Uniata Church, which follows theOriental rite. Roman Catholic Church follows its Latin rite.

4. Religion Geographical situation Festivals and celebrations Food Catholic zone Only a part of this zone is Catholic

5. Celebrations

7. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food FOOD Christianity uses food from the land. The food they used was based on corn, flour and salt to make bread. Meat was classified in two types: pure and impure meat. Impure meat was the one that belonged to animals with no hoof. Impure fish were the ones with no fins or scales. They had different types of soup and lot of goat and sheep milk. The most typical drink was wine. The Sacred host is a piece of unleaven bread, made of wheat flour in a round shape that we offer on Eucharist or Christian and Catholic Mass as an offering or sacrifice.

8. Religion Geographical Situation Celebrations Festivals and food · ADVENT, lithurgical time (The four weeks before Christmas): it’s time to prepare Christmas. Traditionally kids buy an Advent calendar, where we can find 24 little boxes for the 24 days of December. There is chocolate inside these little boxes, and it’s related with advent and food. · Immaculate Concepcion of God’s Mother (8 de December): We celebrate that God pardoned Maria’s original sin. · CHRISTMAS (from December the 25th): we commemorate Jesus’ birth in Jerusalem.

9. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food It’s one of the most important festivals in Christianity, which we celebrate Jesus Christ’s birth. There’s no food related with festivals. There are some traditions from a long time ago, but they aren’t obligatory. In Catalonia it is traditional for all the family to eat together. Typical foods are soup, CARN D’OLLA, chicken.

10. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food · God’s Epiphany The Epiphany is a manifestation or presentation in public. This festival is so called because it remembers how Jesus manifested in front of “Three Kings” for being adored. This festival is celebrated on 6th January in Catholic Church since the year 400. There is no typical food but normally families have lunch together. The typical dessert is called “Tortell de Reis”.

11. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food · Lent time Lent is a period or forty days before Easter. In the liturgical Christian calendar it s noted that we have to prepare Easter week. It starts on Ash Wednesday and finishes on Palm Sunday. The objective of Lent is to be a period for reflection and penance. Christians have to prepare Lent celebration. Formerly we practiced fasting and abstinence, and nowadays it’s a tradition to eat ‘Bunyols’ on Friday.

12. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food · Easter week In the Christian calendar, Easter week is the most important festival. It commemorates the entrance of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem, and his death on the cross and his resurrection. In Catalonia there are two popular traditions related with food: the ‘Tortell’ on Palm Sunday and ‘la Mona de Pasqua’, a chocolate or sponge cake we eat on Easter Sunday or Monday: Diumenge de Pasqua o el Dilluns de Pasqua.

13. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food Judaism is the religious culture of Judah’s people. It is the oldest of the three monotheistic religions and one of the oldest traditional religions that is still practiced. The dogmas and the history of Judaism are the basis of Christianity, and the origin of Islam is theologically related with Judaism through the character of Abraham.

14. Celebrations

17. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • The Jewish celebrations are the days that the Jews think are sacred. The type of celebration, can be called yom tov (good morning), chag (party) or ta'anit (fast).

18. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Abbash: • They are days of absolute resting, so the food must be prepared the day before. During this day they eat Challach : a kind of bread which symbolizes the double food the Jews received on Fridays and they had to keep until Saturday during the 40 years they were in the desert. • Ten Saint days: • Rosh Hashanah: is the first day. People eat Challah, decorated with stairs and birds shapes, it represents the family orations to go to heaven. They eat bread with apple covered with honey like a sweet for new year. They have lunch. • Yom Kippur: is the last day. The fast starts when the sun sets. And this happens 10th of tixrí.

19. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Jewish Easter: • Easter (jewish) or Pésakh commemorates the freedom of Israel from Egyptian slavery. In this festival it is prohibited to eat fermented foods. • Jewish Pentecost: • The Jewish Pentecost orXavuot, the festival of the weeks, is one of the three festivals of pilgrimage prescribed in the Torà. Traditionally, they eat milk products. • The three weeks and nine days: • Three weeks and nine days are sad days of reflection. They prepare Tixa Beav, in memory of the Roman destruction of Jerusalem. In this period, and specially during the nine days, they don’t eat meat or drink wine.

20. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Kosher, is used specially to define permitted food, and prohibited food is called taref. • KosherAnimals • - Land animals : Cows, Sheep, Lambs, Goats.

21. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Birds: Chickens, geese, doves, hens. • Aquatic animals: Tuna, salmon, grouper, sardine, • anchovy, trout • Fruits and vegetables: These are Kosher, but they must be cleaned to make sure that there aren’t any insects which aren’t allowed.

22. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Taref animals: • Examples: Pigs, horses, dogs and cats. • Shellfish are taref and are prohibited. Examples: shrimps, prawns, • octopus, squid. • Carnivorous or scavenger birds. Examples: Raven, eagle, Falcon. • Animal milk is prohibited.

23. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • ISLAM • It is the youngest of the five religions. • It is the principal religion in the Arab world. • It has spread in the African continent, Asiatic and in some European countries. • Mahoma is the founder. • The five pillars of Islam are: faith, prayer, pilgrimage,charity and fasting. • FASTING: • It takes place in the Ramada’s month. • This is the month of the ninth moon. • They can’t eat food from sunrise to sunset. • They can’t drink water. • Only children and old people can eat and drink. fasting

24. Religion Geographical situations Celebrations Festivals and food Total population: 1375 millions

25. Celebrations

26. Celebrations

27. Aliments Purs (Halal): Be, camell, cabra i bou Aus Peix Impure food (Haram): Pork Carnivorous animals Land animals without ears (frogs, snakes..) Every animal that hasn’t been sacrificed by the ritual: Animals that have been beaten Animals who die because of a high fall. Animals killed by other fierce animals. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food. Food

28. Religion Geographical Situation Celebrations Festivals and food Traditional Food: • Sweet food. • Refreshing drinks (sorbets, syrup, etc) • Fruits • Hard condiments (garlic, onion, etc) • Butter for cooking • Yogurt (drink of sheep’s milk or buffalo milk) • Infusions ( tea, coffee, etc)

29. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food THE RAMADAN The Ramadan is a fast which consists of not eating or drinking from sun rise to sunset. People who have to do the Ramadan are Muslim men and women from 12 years old. Men and boys go to the mosque in the morning wearing new clothes and there they pray. Parents, uncles, grandparents and other relatives give money to the boys (not to the girls because the latter don’t go out, they stay at home).

30. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food SACRIFICE FESTIVAL Known as the Muslim Easter, it lasts several days and the principal ritual is the sheep sacrifice. “Al Adha” celebration or sacrifice is one of the most important Islamic celebrations and is held on the last day of the Islamic calendar. Following the “suna” teachings or prophet Mahoma customs, during “Al Adha”, all families with economic resources have to sacrifice an animal, specially a sheep, a third of that is eaten by the family and the other two thirds is given to the poor and the relatives.

31. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food MAWLID UN-NABI Mawlid un-Nabi is a special holiday for a lot of Muslim people. It’s celebrated to commemorate the birthday of prophet Muhammad. ISRA MER’AJ Isra Mer'aj is a very special night for the Muslim faith. The official holiday’s name is Laylat- Al-lsra wa Al-Miraj, that means “the night, the trip and the elevation". It’s celebrated the 27th day of the Rajab day, the seventh month of the Islamic calendar.

32. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • FESTIVALS • Eid al-Fitr: It means Ramada’s end. The night before the first day of the celebration is considered particularly important. In the morning, the community prays together and has a breakfast that signifies the end of the fasting. • Eid al Adha: Is represented for Muslims around the world by the sacrifice of an animal (normally a cow or a sheep) in thnksgiving to God for saving the life of the prophet Abraham´s son. With this festival, Muslims remember that Islam means submission, because nobody showed better submission to God than Abraham (In Arabian: إبراهيم Ibrahim), who was ready to sacrifice his own son as evidence of his loyalty to God.

33. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food Food Customs At mealtimes, people eat from a round plate and they use their right hand. If they are invited in a house, they should take off their shoes. Before eating they must put all all the plates on the table and wait. They have to eat sit down covered with carpets and blankets; before eating they must wash their hands and sit in front of the person who has invited them.

34. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food The original name of Hinduism is:: All these expresse the eternity of the search for the interior peace. Then we can liberate the cycle of death and attain unity with the Absolute (Brahman) Dharma: doctrine, honesty, duty... Sanatana: eternity

35. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food

36. Celebrations

38. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • They are vegetarians • People who sell, cook or serve meat are punished. • Religiously  to be vegetarians. • God has given us sufficient food we have to offer it to him. • For Vedas, the egg is a food just like meat. • Eating beef would be a mortal sin because this animal has been very important during the history of this religion. The Cow is considered like a mother because it offers us its milk like a natural mother.

39. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food The cow: - The cow is milked more often than in other places, and the clarified lard, the curds and the milk, are fundamental elements in the diet of Hindus.

40. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food WHAT DO THEY EAT? The abundant food is rice. It is cultivated in many areas of the country together with coffee, sugarcane, bamboo, or opi. Also, they eat livestock products, but a Hindu will never eat a cow. In India, they believe that cows are sacred animals and so eating beef is prohibited.

41. Typical Meals RASHMI KABAB Chicken breast with chesee, skimmed milk, yogurt with traditional species. MURG TIKK (Hindu barbecue) Roast and boneless chicken pieces with traditional species. PANNER TIKKA Skewer of cheese pieces (paprica) and onion.

42. Celebrations • ONAM: • Date: 12th September • What is it: ONAM is the State festival of Kerala. It is celebrated in honor of Mahabali, the last king of Kerala. • Aliments: • - Kaya Varuthathu (fried banana • with coconut oil) -Rice Puttu(crude rice with coconut) -Idli(different kinds of rice) • Dry Fruit Kesari(Dried fruits cakes)

43. Religion Geographical situation Celebrations Festivals and food • The Indians follow a vegetarian diet because of their religious beliefs. The Indian subcontinent has a sufficient quantity of land inhabited by a variety of people. There are fourteen principal languages and one hundred dialects. We can say that in the south the food is spicier. The Hindu food is based on their exotic spices.

44. Religion Geographical Situation Celebrations Festivals and food • Buddhism is an oriental philosophic doctrine based on Siddharta Gautama teachings (the historic Buddha). • BUDDHISM is considered a religion by some and a philosophy by others.It extracts his bases on the spiritual experience of the wise, the “illuminated”. The two fundamental experiences of Buddha are: • Buddhism is one of the most important world religions. It was founded more than 2,500 years ago in North India. It’s based on the non-violence principles, love, respect for all the sensible beings, peace, tolerance, and compassion. Samsara Karma

45. Religion Geographical Situation Celebrations Festivals and food

46. Theravada Buddhism

47. Mahayanan Buddhism (East Asia)

48. Tibetan Buddhism

49. Tibetan Buddhism

50. Religions Geographical situation Celebration Festivals and food • Uposatha: • People present at the temple offerings of flowers, food and drink and listen to the sermons of the monks Obon: Invoking the ancestors; 1. Day invokes the ancestors, the 2nd. Food ceremonies and dances in his honor; 3rd. offerings to Buddha to release the Hells.