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Early World History: The Expansion of Civilization

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Early World History: The Expansion of Civilization

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    1. Early World History: The Expansion of Civilization Mr. Millhouse Hebron High School Spring 2009

    2. Major Themes Migration of people and ideas Political consolidation & complexity Organized religion develops Technological/Intellectual development

    3. What causes people to migrate?

    4. Indo-European Migrations

    5. Hittite Empire (c.1750-1160 BCE) One Word: IronOne Word: Iron

    6. Aryan Migration into India

    7. Diffusion of Indo-European Languages

    8. Indo-European Language Tree

    9. Phoenician Colonization (1500-300 BCE) Don’t forget the Greeks, Millhouse!Don’t forget the Greeks, Millhouse!

    10. Phoenician Alphabet

    11. Bantu Migrations (1500 BCE-500 CE) Began with the drying of the Sahara Introduced agriculture, iron, and cattle herding Become dominant ethnic and language group of Sub-Saharan Africa

    12. African Language Distribution

    13. Polynesian Migration (3000 BCE -500 CE)

    14. The Expansion of Civilization

    15. Zhou Dynasty in 500 BCE

    16. Warring States Period Zhou feudalism began to breakdown around 500 BCE Regional warlords began to fight each other for control and territory Widespread use of iron Horrible atrocities against the Chinese people Hundred Schools of Thought

    17. Persian Empire in 525 BCE

    18. Cyrus the Great Created the Persian Empire (550-539 BCE) Used kindness and tolerance to rule conquered peoples Allowed Jews to return to their homeland

    19. Darius the Great Ruled 522-486 BCE Administrative Genius Provinces & Satraps Built the Royal Road Used metal coins 1st government to use standard currency Zoroastrianism Idea of Heaven & Hell

    20. The World: 500 B.C.

    21. What is the purpose of religion? Consider spiritual and practical purposes.

    22. Hinduism Began in India c.1500 BCE One God in many different forms Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Krishna Sacred Texts Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads

    23. Basic Beliefs of Hinduism Atman Major Ideas Dharma (duty) Karma (action) Samsara (cycle of life) Moksha (liberation) Yogas Paths or practices Several different types

    24. Social Impact of Hinduism

    25. Modern Untouchables

    26. Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) Born into kshatriya caste Reform movement of Hinduism No specific deity? Rejects the atman Believes in spiritual equality No caste system

    27. Basic Beliefs of Buddhism Four Noble Truths Life is suffering Desire causes suffering End suffering by ending desire To end desire follow the Eightfold Path Right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

    28. Spread of Buddhism

    29. Judaism Monotheistic Yahweh (Yhwh) Abraham considered “father” of the Jews Hebrews are the chosen people of God & Canaan is the chosen land Messiah will create God’s kingdom on Earth

    30. Basic Beliefs of Judaism Death is not the end of human existence Focus on life instead of afterlife Believe dead will be physically resurrected One is saved through commitment to being moral to God. 614 Rabbinical laws

    31. Social Impact of Judaism Short lived kingdom in the Middle East Heavy emphasis on tradition & culture Language, diet, holidays, etc. Matrilineal Jewish Diaspora

    32. The Diaspora

    33. Confucianism Started by Confucius (551-479 BCE) during the Warring States Period in China Offers solutions to the problems plaguing China Focus on life rather than the afterlife Does not advocate a specific deity Emphasizes worship of ancestors

    34. Basic Beliefs of Confucianism Emphasizes li the “rituals” of everyday life Goal is to promote harmony on Earth through relationships Five Relationships Filial Piety

    35. Social Impact of Confucianism Becomes foundation of Chinese government Reinforced importance of patriarchal relationships Reinforced family as the center of Chinese society Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore are influenced by Confucian ethic

    36. Daoism (Taoism) Founded by Laozi (6th cent. BCE?) during the Warring States Period Everything revolves around the Dao Goal: Create societal harmony by living according to the natural laws of the universe Wu Wei “without action”

    37. Impact of Daoism Encourages respect for nature Heavily influenced Chinese art and literature Landscape paintings Yoga and meditation Hygiene and cleanliness Medicine

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