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Nonmetals

Nonmetals. Gases or brittle solids at room temperature. Low melting and boiling points. [http://universe-review.ca/I13-14-sulfur.jpg]. [http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]. Nonmetals. Do not conduct electricity well (insulators).

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Nonmetals

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  1. Nonmetals • Gases or brittle solids at room temperature. • Low melting and boiling points [http://universe-review.ca/I13-14-sulfur.jpg] [http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]

  2. Nonmetals • Do not conduct electricity well (insulators). [http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]

  3. Nonmetals • Makes up most of the mass of living organisms. [http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu/math/Courses/Math100/Chapter4/HomeWork/G1/BodyElements.png]

  4. Hydrogen • Exists as H2 when alone as an element. (diatomic) • Is the most abundant element in the universe. (90%) Click here for hydrogen video

  5. Noble Gases • Found in group 18 or 8A [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]

  6. Noble Gases • Have energy levels full of electrons. (8 valence) • Except Helium! • Exist only as elements in nature, no compounds! (chemically inert) [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]

  7. Noble Gases • Useful in lighting and for insulation purposes (windows!) • Some are heavier/denser than air. Click here for a Noble Gas Demo [http://prl.dcu.ie/gallery/gallery-images/gallery_015.jpg]

  8. Halogens • Found in group 17 or 7A [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]

  9. Halogens • All have 7 valence electrons. • React easily with Alkali Metals [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/media/kossel-icons/Cl.gif]

  10. Halogens • Most reactive nonmetals. • Exist as diatomic molecules when alone as elements. (F2, Cl2, etc..) Click here for Halogen Reactivity Video [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]

  11. Mixed Groups [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH08/FG08_16.JPG]

  12. Mixed Groups • Named for the element at the top of the group. • Example: Group 13  Boron Group

  13. Mixed Groups • Metalloids (or semi-metals) have properties of both metals and non-metals • Not Aluminum! [http://www.socorro.k12.nm.us/mars/chapter3/chemistry/metalloids/insert/table.gif]

  14. Mixed Groups • Carbon exists as two allotropes – different forms of the same element [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter10/Text_Images/FG10_26.JPG]

  15. All Carbon: Diamond vs. Graphite [http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2041_f97/matter/FG11_042.GIF]

  16. Both Nitrogen and Oxygen are diatomic as elements (N2 & O2)! The “Super Seven” are all diatomic when alone as elements!

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